AICTE TULIP Internship Report

AICTE TULIP Internship in Surat Smart City Development Ltd.
Under this internship anyone can explore all the development activities in Surat Municipal Corporation, since I was assigned in Hydraulic Department of SMC.

1. i | P a g e


Date: 08-11-2021
To,
Executive Engineer,
SMC- Head Water Works,
Khatodara, Surat 395002

Subject: Submission of Internship Report
Respected Sir,
I, Ashish Jaiswal have completed internship at Surat Municipal’s Corporation Head
Water Works through Smart City Development Limited. I am writing this letter to inform you
that I have successfully completed my internship and have submitted the report at the
department.
Thank you so much for this opportunity.


Regards,
Ashish Jaiswal,
B.Tech (Mechanical Engineer),
[email protected]
8887676152

2. ii | P a g e


AICTE TULIP INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
Study of working of Water Treatment Plants, Booster Houses,
Distribution Stations and Installation & Maintenance of Mechanical
Equipments

Submitted to :-
Surat Smart City Development Ltd.(SSCDL)
Submitted by :-
ASHISH JAISWAL
Under the guidance of :-
SHRI ASHISH NAIK
(Executive Engineer)
Head Water Works,
Surat Municipal Corporation.

3. iii | P a g e

CERTIFICATE


This is to certify that the AICTE TULIP Internship report entitled, “Study of working of Water
Treatment Plants, Booster Houses, Distribution Stations and Installation & Maintenance of
Mechanical equipments” has been successfully submitted by ASHISH JAISWAL under my
guidance, which is carried out at Head Water Works, Khatodara, Surat, during period of 3
months i.e., 9
th
August 2021 to 8
th
November 2021.




ASHISH NAIK
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
Head Water Works,
Surat Municipal Corporation

4. iv | P a g e

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the
possibility to complete this report. A special thanks to my training supervisor Mr.
Ashish Naik, Executive Engineer, HWW, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and
immense knowledge which helped me a lot in completing this project report and
widening my knowledge.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards Mr. Vipul S. Pastagiya, Junior
Engineer (Electrical), HWW, for their encouragement and insightful comments. He
always come up with new idea to every complex problem which always inspire me.
Furthermore I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation Mr. Amar R
Desai, Instrumentation Engineer, HWW, for giving me details of project which is
going on in different location of Surat.












ASHISH JAISWAL
B. Tech(Mechanical Engineer),
Intern,
Surat Smart City.

5. v | P a g e

CONTENT

Certificate…………………………………………………………………………...ii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….iii

Topic Page no.

1. Introduction 01-02
2. "SURAT"- SMART CITY MISSION 03-06
2.1.Surat Smart City Vision
2.2.Pan City Projects
3. Surat Municipal Corporation 07-08
3.1 Statutory Authorities
4. Hydraulic Department 09-18
4.1. Mission
4.2. Function
4.3.History of Water Supply in Surat
4.4. Water Supply Scenario- Pre Year 2000
4.5. Water Supply System- Year 2001-2006
4.6. Water Supply System- Year 2006-2010
4.7. Water Supply System- Year 2011-2015 (present)
4.8. Water Supply- Present Status (Year 2015)
5. Water Supply Master Plan 19-20
5.1. Water Supply Master Plan Details
5.2. Future Capacity as per Master Plan
6. Observation 21-28
6.1.Collection works
6.2.Treatment works
6.3.Water distribution system
7. Maintainance activities observation 29-33
Reference 34

6. 1 | P a g e

1. INTRODUCTION

Surat is a city located on the western part of India in the state of Gujarat. It is one of the most
dynamic city of India with one of the fastest growth rate due to immigration from various part of
Gujarat and other states of India.
Surat is one of the cleanest city of India and is also known by several other names like "THE
SILK CITY", "THE DIAMOND CITY", "THE GREEN CITY", etc. It has the most vibrant
present and an equally varied heritage of the past. It is the city where the British first land in
India. The Dutch and the Portuguese also established there business centers in Surat, the
remnants of which are still preserved in the modern day Surat. In past this was a glorious port
with ships of more than 84 countries anchored in its harbor at any time.
Still today, Surat continues the same tradition as people from all around the country flock in for
business and jobs. Surat has practically zero percent unemployment rate and jobs are easier to get
here due to very fast development of various industries in and around Surat City.

Surat City 2nd largest city of Gujarat in terms of Area and
Population
Area 326.515 sq.km.
Population 44,66,826 (Census 2011)
Density 13680 Persons/Sq.Km. (Census -2011)
Location Latitude : 21.112°N
Longitude : 72.814°E
Municipality
Established
1852 AD
Corporation
Established
1966 AD

7. 2 | P a g e

8. 3 | P a g e

2. "SURAT"- SMART CITY MISSION

Smart city Mission was launched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 25 June, 2015. Surat
city was selected among 100 cities to be developed as smart city in India due to various
achievements, initiatives and all inclusive approach. Accordingly Surat city had submitted
“Smart City Proposal” (SCP) for Surat City in the given format on 15 December, 2015 to
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India with required consent of Government of
Gujarat and statutory authority of Surat Municipal Corporation. Till deadline for submission total
97 cities had submitted their smart city proposal to Government of India. As per the already
given plan, 20 cities were to be selected in round-1 (current year) on merit of their submitted
proposal. Government of India had constituted 3 teams with expert members of World Bank,
ADB and other independent members for evaluation and marking of all the submitted smart city
proposals from 97 smart cities and to select final list of top 20 cities based on marking.
On 28 January, Shri M.Venkaiah Naidu, Minister of Urban Development Government of India
announced the much awaited 20 winners of the Smart City Challenge competition for round-1 in
current financial year at a press conference. It is a matter of pride for citizens of Surat that our
city is selected among 20 winning cities at Rank No.4. Shri M.Venkaiah Naidu said that the
winners were from 11 States and the Union Territory of Delhi and the selection was totally
objective and transparent based on standardized processes. Shri Naidu further said that Smart
City Mission marks a paradigm shift towards urban development in the country since it is based
on ‘bottom up’ approach with the involvement of citizens in formulation of city vision and smart
city plans and the Urban Local Bodies and State Governments piloting the mission with little say
for the Ministry of Urban Development. He also observed that it was for the first time in the
country and even in the world that investments in urban sector are being made based on
competition based selection of cities. Informing that 1.52 crore citizens participated in shaping
smart city plans of 97 cities and towns in the first round of competition, Shri Naidu said that this
enthusiastic participation of people is a major positive outcome.
Citizens Engagement is the base of four pillars of institutional, physical, social and economic
infrastructure for comprehensive development as per Smart City Mission guidelines and
therefore Citizens Engagement tool is extensively used to know the suggestions / feedback from
citizens by various online & offline methods like – Stakeholders consultation meetings with
Elected representatives, Press media, different industrial, trade & commerce associations,
doctors, engineers, architects and NGOs, Ward level meetings with citizens, Essay & Drawing
competition for students and citizens, Techno fair for informing citizens about possible smart
solutions, Citizens Poll on myGov and SMC’s website and seminars / webinars on different
subjects etc.
Based on Citizens Poll for Pan City initiatives, ICT based Transport-Connectivity smart
solutions are finalized in Smart City Proposal, which will be implemented in entire area of Surat
city. Based on suggestions/ feedback received during Citizens Engagement, “Retrofitting” is
selected out of the three options given for area development. After screening of all the possible

9. 4 | P a g e

options, area measuring 2167 acres (8.77 Sq.km) of 7 T.P. schemes in the Anjana, Umarwada,
Magob, Dumbhal & Parvat located in East & South-East zone of city is selected for retrofitting
in Smart City Proposal. Present population of this area is about 5 Lacs apart from about 1 Lac
floating population. Significance of this area can be judged from the fact that about 10%
population of city resides in the selected 3% area which contributes to about 16% of economy of
city. Selected area is having many commercial and industrial units based on textile sector which
acts as a catalyst for greater job opportunities.
For retrofitting of area development, many smart solutions in sectors of water supply, sewerage,
solid waste management, water recharging, renewable energy, street lighting, Town planning &
development, Economic development including essential Smart City Solutions. Total
implementation period for smart city plan is 5 years starting from financial year 2016-17. As per
guideline of Smart city Mission, Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) will be created for
implementation of Smart city projects.

10. 5 | P a g e

2.1 Surat Smart City Vision
"Smart Utilization of Surat City’s potential for enhancing quality of life for the citizens by
providing equal access to best quality physical infrastructure, social infrastructure and mobility
through leveraging state of the art technology; thus making surat a futuristic global city with
focus on enhancing economy, protecting the ecology and preserving the identity and culture of
the city"

2.2 . Pan City Projects
The pan city proposal for Surat city is envisaged to maximize the benefits out of the service base.
The proposal aims to improve public services and citizen interface. It is centered around the
theme of Citizen Friendly Surat through Intelligent Transport and Connectivity. The idea is to
integrate various services and offer citizens a variety of options to avail these services in a
convenient and cost-effective manner. This pan city solution are also aimed to provide near real
time data which will help in service delivery.

I. SMAC (SMArt City) Center
SMAC Center is envisaged as an administrative control center for the city of Surat for effective
and efficient delivery of all civic services.SMART City Center will operate in four layers. This
center will collect functioning information of all the departments on real time basis, as far as
possible.
II. Integrated Traffic and Mobility Administration Center (IT-MAC)
This center will house various departments/entities involved with managing city traffic and
mobility like BRTS, City Bus, Traffic Police, RTO, Fire, Emergency Services, etc. IT-enabled
applications will help all the concerned agencies to co-ordinate and support each other for
smooth traffic operation.
III. Common City Payment System
This will be Co-Branded Multi-Application Contact less Smart Card. It is envisioned to offer
wide range of civic services to citizens with convenience of using single SMART card only.
IV. Connected Surat
SMC wishes to provide WiFi service to the citizens covering important public places. Apart from
this, SMC wishes to have the citywide Fiber to Home connectivity, which will be useful in
providing reliable connectivity with high bandwidth, meeting the present and future
requirements. It will also help in bridging digital divide by enabling access of Internet to all
section of society.

11. 6 | P a g e

V. Development of ERP and GIS platform
The ERP for critical Municipal Operations is a framework for integrated solutions on a common
technology platform to address process automation needs of Surat Municipal Corporation. It will
be a modular framework consisting of several integrated applications built for security and
scalability. Applications will be assembled on a common technology platform that addresses
institution wide process automation. It will also deliver stakeholder specific reports and
performance analysis.
VI. Automatic Fare Collection System (AFCS)
This IT enabled service will make present public transport system more efficient and citizen
friendly. It will be possible to manage the system centrally, simultaneously extending a package
of transport options to citizens.
VII. Incubation/Start up Centre
High employment opportunities are available in the proposed area due to various commercial
activities. A Startup & Incubation centre is proposed here to train the semi-skilled/ skilled job
seekers in various trades and to provide necessary information though single window clearance
to promote start-ups.

12. 7 | P a g e

3. Surat Municipal Corporation

Surat Municipal Corporation is a local self government which has come into being under the
Bombay Provincial Municipal Act, 1949. It carries out all the obligatory functions and
discretionary functions entrusted by the BPMC Act,1949 with the following mission:
To make Surat a dynamic, vibrant, beautiful, self-reliant and sustainable city with all basic
amenities, to provide a better quality of life
Surat Municipal Corporation perceives its role as the principal facilitator and provider of
services as detailed below to provide a better quality of life :
AS PROVIDER
 Potable water supply
 Underground sewage system in the whole city
 All weather roads
 Efficient and sustainable solid waste management
 Health coverage to all, focused more on the poor
 Primary education to the needy & Library facility to all
 Up-gradation of the amenities in the existing slums and alternative accommodation
 Clean, green and pollution free environment
 Places of healthy entertainment and recreation
 Fire Service
 Efficient Urban Planning and Development
AS FACILITATOR
 Industrial growth
 Trade and commerce
 Health services
 Higher education and research
 Cultural activities
 Sports and games
 Recreation and entertainment

13. 8 | P a g e

SMC's commitment to achieve its mission and carry out the above listed functions
successfully can be summarised as below:
 Dedication to achieve excellence in providing civic amenities
 Responsive, Modern, Simple, Accountable and Transparent Administration

3.1 STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
Under the provision of the BPMC Act 1949 section-4, the powers have been vested in three
distinct statutory authorities.
1. General Board
2. Standing Committee
3. Municipal Commissioner

14. 9 | P a g e

4. Hydraulic Department

4.1. Mission
“Every Citizen of Surat City must get safe and reliable drinking water on continuous basis at
his/her doorstep through water supply distribution network.”
4.2. Functions of the Department
 Long-term Planning, Design & Implementation & Monitoring of various Water Supply
Schemes according to Master Plan.
 Issue of new licenses & renewal of existing licenses for plumbers.
 Providing water tankers in the deficient area and where any complaints are received
about quality/quantity of water supplied through pipeline.
 Maintenance of all the water works, water treatment plants water distribution stations,
valves, transmission pipelines and distribution pipelines is done either departmentally or
by appointing private participants.
How the potable water reaches to the consumer ?
 Extracting surface/sub-surface water from sources - like River Intake wells, Jack wells.
 Treatment of raw water by Pre-Chlorination, Primary treatment and Filtration upto the
standards of safe drinking water.
 Quality Control and Laboratory testing at treatment stage.
 Transmission of treated water from Water Works to Water Distribution Stations, located
in different parts of the city via Transmission pipelines
 Post-Chlorination & Distribution of treated water to the consumers from different Water
Distribution Stations via distribution pipelines, during supply hours.
 Day to day collection of water samples from different water points of water distribution
system, laboratory testing (chemical analysis and bacteriological testing) of the collected
samples and feed back of results to the Hydraulic Department - Remedial measures taken,
if required.

4.3. History of Water Supply in Surat
 Surat is situated at the tail end of the 750 km. long River Tapi which has been the main
source of water for the city since centuries.

15. 10 | P a g e

 During the period of British-raj in India, Surat municipality was established by the then
Collector, Mr. Rogers on 23rd April, 1852 but there was no provision of public water
supply at that time.
 During year 1864, Sir Kawasji Jahangir of Surat had donated Rs.1.25 Lacs to construct a
water works for the city. In 1867, Mr. Gragery prepared a plan to draw water from river
Tapi near Kamrej and bring the same up to Delhi Gate by a pipeline.
 In 1894, Fardunji Taraporewala was appointed as an Executive Engineer in Surat by the
British Government, who planned to build Infiltration wells in the river. In the same year,
work for first water supply pipeline was started near Surat railway station by Mr.George
Harrison, then Governor of Mumbai.
 In 1898, Varachha Water Works was inaugurated at the cost of Rs.9.89 Lacs. It was then
known as Lely Water Works in the name of Mr.Lely, then Collector of Surat. Water from
this water works was also provided to Rander municipal area as one tenth of the total
expenditure of water works was shared by them. Sheth Haji Yusuf of Rander had donated
the contribution of Rander.
 In the year 1931, chlorination was used in Surat city water supply for the first time. In the
year 1950, new Engine House & new overhead tank were started. In the year 1952, city's
first surface water treatment plant was commissioned at Varachha.


4.4. Water Supply Scenario - Pre Year 2000
By 2001, the population of Surat city has reached 24 lakh and water treatement facility for
440 MLD was available, thus assuring availability at the rate of 150 lpcd. This had been
achieved by the following major works taken up between 1984 and 2000.
 In year 1984, 20 new tube wells were constructed at Varachha & Sarthana to increase the
water supply capacity.
 In the year 1985, Radial collecting wells (2 Nos) were constructed at Sarthana and water
distribution stations were constructed at Khatodara, Umarwada & Katargam.

16. 11 | P a g e

 In the year 1995, gross average daily water supply was 180 MLD to a population of about
18 Lacs resulting in an acute shortage of water supply. Moreover, high tides of river were
affecting the quality of surface water also up to Sarthana & thereby resulting in salty
water.
 A weir-cum-causeway was constructed across river Tapi in the year 1995 at Rander-
Singanpore at a total project cost of Rs.35 Crores. The project was implemented as a
public-private partnership with Hazira area industries. Due to the construction of weir, a
reservoir of about 31000 TCM (Thousand Cubic Meter) capacity became available for
drawing surface water.
 After construction of the weir across river Tapi, new water works for the city was
commissioned at Katargam in the year 1997, at a total project cost of about Rs.25 Crores.
 As a part of the long-term master plan for the water supply scheme of Surat city, 120
MLD capacity water treatment plant was commissioned in the year 1997 and was
increased to total 240 MLD in 1999. Raw water at this water treatment plant was fed by
the intake well constructed in the river Tapi.
 Surat Municipal Corporation had prepared a long-term Water Supply Master Plan in the
year 1995 to fulfill the water demand for the projected population for the year 2021 in
consultation with Tata Consulting Engineers, Mumbai.

17. 12 | P a g e

4.5. Water Supply System - Year 2001 to 2006
Between 2001 and 2005, various works were taken up to increase the water treatment and
distribution capacity in Surat. The water supply rose by 20% from 440MLD in 2000-01 to
550 MLD in 2004-05.
 240 MLD capacity raw water Intake Well & 120 MLD capacity Water Treatment Plant
were commissioned at Sarthana Water Works in the year 2001 at the total project cost of
about Rs. 30 Crores. It increased the capacity for accessing the available surface water
reservoir.
 In January 2003, 200 MLD capacity Water Treatment Plant & 360 MLD capacity raw
water Intake Well were commissioned at Rander Water Works at total project cost of
about Rs.35 Crores.
 Capital expenditure of total Rs.178.22 Crore was made during this period to implement
various water supply projects comprising of water treatment plant, Intake well,
Underground Storage reservoir (UGSR), Elevated Service Reservoir (ESR) and laying of
pipelines.

18. 13 | P a g e

Increase in Capacity: Year 2001- 2006
Sr.
No.
Water Supply Project
Year
2001
Year
2005
1 Intake Well (in MLD) 480 840
2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) 428 628
3 UGSR Capacity (in Lac lit) 3822 4450
4 ESR Capacity (in Lac lit) 103 150
5 Pipeline (in km) 1850 2250

19. 14 | P a g e






4.6. Water Supply System - Year 2006 to 2010
 In the year 2006, city limit was extended from 112.27 sq.km. to 326.51 sq.km. area,
merging 27 Grampanchayats & 8 Nagarpalikas into city. Due to the revised area &
population scenario, preparation of Master Plan had to be revised.
 Capital expenditure of total Rs.345.73 Crore was made during this period to implement
various water supply projects comprising of water treatment plant, Intake well,
Underground Storage reservoir (UGSR), Elevated Service Reservoir (ESR) and
TRansmission & Distribution pipelines.
 In March 2007, 200 MLD capacity fully automatic water treatment plant with SCADA
was commissioned at Sarthana Water Works at a total project cost of Rs.24.22 Crores.

20. 15 | P a g e

 In February 2009, two fully automatic water treatment plants with SCADA of 150 MLD
capacity each were commissioned at Katargam & Sarthana Water Works at a total project
cost of Rs.50.20 Crores under JnNURM scheme.
 By fast-tracking the implementation of projects, SMC achieved a 30% increase in water
supply from 580 in 2006 to 750 in 2010.




Increase in Capacity: Year 2006- 2010
Sr. No. Water Supply Project Year 2006 Year 2010
1 Intake Well (in MLD) 840 840
2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) 628 1178
3 UGSR Capacity (in Lac lit) 4450 6300
4 ESR Capacity (in Lac lit) 150 202.5
5 Pipeline (in km) 2250 2550

21. 16 | P a g e



4.7. Water Supply System - Year 2011 TO 2015 (Present)
 In January 2011, 50 MLD water treatment plant was commissined at Rander water works
under JnNURM at a project cost of Rs.760 Lacs.
 Water Supply Scheme (part) for Amroli, Kosad, Chhaprabhatha area of New North Zone
of Surat was commissioned and inaugurated by Honorable Chief Minister of Gujarat,
Shri Narendrabhai Modi on Dt.27-05-2012. Total cost of different packages was Rs.50.06
Crores.
 Intake well of 360 MLD capacity at Sarthana & 263 MLD at Katargam were
commissioned at total project cost of Rs.33 Crores.
 In January 2013, 90 MLD capacity fully automatic water treatment plant with SCADA
was commissioned at Kosad Water Works at a total project cost of Rs.16.47 Crores.
 UGSR of 150 Lacs Liters capacity with booster house at Rajashri Hall, Central zone was
commissioned at total project cost of Rs.4.90 Crores.
 3 UGSR of total 163 Lacs Liters capacity with booster house with total project cost of
Rs.8.58 Crores were commissioned in 2012-13 for water supply scheme of New South-
East area of Surat under JnNURM.

22. 17 | P a g e

 In Year 2012-13, 18 ESR of total 423 Lacs liters were commissioned for New North &
New South east area of Surat under JnNURM at total project cost of Rs.37 Crores.
 In Year 2013-14, construction work for 4 UGSR of total 275 Lacs liters capacity and 6
ESR of total 114 Lacs liters capacity was completed at a total project cost of Rs.20.80
Crores.
 In year 2014-15, 200 MLD Intake well, 32 MLD WTP, 88 Lacs liters capacity UGSR
with booster house (WDS-1), 3 Elevated Service Reservoirs and associated pipelines
were commissioned at Mota Varachha with a total project cost of Rs.53 Crores as a part
of 24 x 7 water Supply scheme for New North area.
 SMC is now poised to achieve the goal of 100% coverage of extended area & population
by year 2016.

Sr. No. Water Supply Project
Year
2010-11
Year
2014-15
Year
2015-16
1 Intake Well (in MLD) 840 1663 2033
2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) 1178 1300 1468
3 UGSR Capacity (in Lac lit) 6300 6908 6991
4 ESR Capacity (in Lac lit) 202.5 1039 1207
5 Pipeline (in km) 2550 3250 3350

23. 18 | P a g e


4.8. Water Supply - Present Status (Year 2015)
 Population covered under piped network: 95%
 Source of Water: River Tapi
 Present installed capacity of Water Works (6 Nos.): 1300 MLD
 Present gross daily average water supply: 980 MLD
 Total storage capacity of all WDS and WW: 7076 Lacs Liters

Water Available from various sources at present

24. 19 | P a g e

5. Water Supply Master Plan

5.1. Water Supply Master Plan Details
 Surat Municipal Corporation had prepared a long-term Master Plan in the year 1995 for
Water Supply Scheme of Surat city in consultation with Tata Consulting Engineers,
Mumbai. The Master Plan was prepared to fulfill the water demand for the projected
population growth for the horizon year 2021, considering the base year as 1995. The
purpose of the implementation of water supply scheme is to supply adequate quantity of
potable water with sufficient pressure to every citizen through piped network. According
to Master plan, SMC has implemented the project components for the augmentation of
source, treatment plant, UGSR, transmission line and distribution pipeline network in a
phased manner till now.
 In the year 2006, city limit was been extended in two phases by State Govt. notification,
merging 27 Grampanchayats & 8 Nagarpalikas into city. Due to the revised area &
population scenario, revision in existing Master Plan of water supply, based on earlier
city limit, became necessary. Hence preparation of revised Master Plan is in progress at
present by Multimedia Consulting Engineers (Pvt.) Ltd., Ahmedabad.
Total Water Demand
Preliminary forecasted figures of water demand up to year 2041 have shown given in the chart
below: Water Demand up to Year 2041

25. 20 | P a g e

5.2. Future Capacity as per Master Plan
SMC has already started phase-wise implementation of New Water Supply Master Plan to fulfill
water demand up to year 2041. Moreover, works are prioritized to achieve the goal of 100%
coverage of extended area & population by year 2016 through ongoing/planned projects for
increasing water supply capacity, which is shown in the table below.
Ultimate Capacity of Water Supply Components as per Master Plan
Sr.
No.
Water Supply Project
Ultimate capacity
Master Plan Year 2041
/ 2044
1 Intake Well (in MLD) (2041) 2425
2 Water Treatment Plants (in MLD) (2026) 1678
3 UGSR Capacity (in ML) (2026) 738
4 ESR Capacity (in ML) (2041) 166
5 Pipeline (in km) (2041) 3550
Cumulative capacity Increase

26. 21 | P a g e

6. Observations

Components of Water Works for Municipal Water Supply
 Collection Works -Water Intake from source
 Treatment (or Purification) Works - Water Treatment Plant (WTP)
 Transmission Works - Transmission of Treated Water from WTP to Service Storage
 Distribution Works - Distribution of Treated Water to Consumers through Pipe Network


Collection works
Transmission works
Treatment works
Transmission works
Distribution works





6.1. Collection works
I have come across to see that here, in Surat the main source of water is river Tapi which has tail
end of the 750 km. The demand of water is mainly fulfilled by raw water which is extracted from
river bed and passed to water treatment plant for further treatment and then supplied to
consumer.
River Intake
It is a type of intake which is located inside the river
so that demands of water are met with in all the
seasons of the year. Water is extracted from river bed
by use of pump and motor which is installed at intake-

27. 22 | P a g e

well. According to the demand, water is taken out from river and supplied to water treatment
plant.

 In Surat there are five intake well :
o Rander Intake Well
o Katargam Intake Well(Old)
o Katargam Intake Well(New)
o Mota Varachha Intake Well
o Valak Intake Well


At Rander Intake well, I have seen that there are 8 pumps in working condition out of which 5
are operational and 3 are on standby. Oiling and greasing of pump is done in 15-20 days interval.
Also here itself pre-chlorination is done to raw water before supplying it to treatment plant, for
this purpose a chlorination plant is also there to meet the demand of chlorine over there.
Approximately 70-90 kg of chlorine is used in every hour during pre-chlorination process.
Application of chlorine to water prior to any treatment process is called pre chlorination. The
main purpose of adding chlorine before any treatment process is:
 Destruction of micro- organisms
 Oxidation of Fe, Mn, H2S
 Removal of taste and odour producing compounds
 Oxidation of organic compounds
 Reduction of chlorine requirement in its post-chlorination stage.
 Prevention of algal growth in Lamella.

Technical Specifications of Rander Intake Well

28. 23 | P a g e

6.2. Treatment works
Water treatment transforms raw surface
and groundwater into safe drinking water.
Water treatment involves two major
processes: physical removal of solids and
chemical disinfection. Water is purified to
make it satisfactory in appearance, taste,
and odor as well as safe by removing
harmful organisms. Various methods of
water purification have been developed
which depend on the amount and character of water.
Here in Surat there are 7 Water Treatment Plant(WTP) namely;
1. (200 + 50 MLD) WTP at Rander(Upgradation)
2. 90 MLD WTP at Simada
3. 32 MLD WTP at Mota Varachha
4. (78 + 120 MLD) WTP at Dindoli
5. (150 + 240 MLD) WTP at Katargam
6. (120 + 150 +200 + 144 MLD) WTP at Sarthana
7. (90 + 200 MLD) WTP at Kosad

Process Description


Intake
Well
Cascade
Aerator
Stilling
Chamber
Parshall
Flume
Clariflocculator
Rapid Gravity
Sand Filter
Treated
water
outlet
Treated
water sump
Distribution
System

29. 24 | P a g e

Cascade Aerator
At Katargam I have seen the aeration process which
removes odour due to volatile gases and due to algae
and related organisms. Removes CO2 and reduce
corrosion and remove methane and other
inflammable gases. Increases dissolved oxygen
content in water.


Stilling Chamber
The stilling chamber is used to remove air bubbles from the liquid before it reaches the flow
through unit of the on-line turbidimeter. Air bubbles may cause unstable or incorrect readings on
the monitor.


PAC(Poly Alumina Chloride) are used as
coagulant aid. For preparation of PAC
solution, tanks with epoxy lining on the
inside surfaces are provided. Each tank is
provided with RCC gratings in the feed
chamber for dissolution of poly alumina
chloride. Stainless steel mixing paddles
are provided in each dosing tank for
mixing the solution.


Parshall Flume
The main objective of a parshall flume is to
measure the flow. The raw water from stilling
chamber after pre-chlorination is flown through
to the parshall flume. The parshall flume is a
particular form of Venturi flume and mainly
used for open channel flow measurement.

30. 25 | P a g e

Flash Mixer
The main object of a flash mixer is to ensure proper mixing of chemicals in raw water. After the
flow measurement in Parshall flume, the water is transferred to the flash mixers. The expected
dose of PAC for average turbidity condition is 25 to 35 ppm depending on the process
requirement. During high turbidity condition the PAC dose varies from 45 to 55 ppm depending
upon the process requirement. SS Mechanical agitators with gear box is provided for mixing of
PAC with raw water.
Clarifocculators
At Dindoli waterworks I have come across to see clarifocculators which is a combination of
flocculation and clarification in a single tank. In the Clarifocculators, the water enters the
flocculator, where the flocculating paddles enhance flocculation of the feed solids. As heavy
particles settle to the bottom, the liquid flows radially upward in the clarifier zone
CCooaagguullaattiioonn aanndd FFllooccccuullaattiioonn::
Very fine suspended and
colloidal particles are not settled
by simple sedimentation hence
special chemical treatment is
necessary. The effect produced
by addition of a chemical to a
colloidal dispersion, resulting in
particle destabilization that
eventually changes into readily
settle able solids, is called
coagulation. When a coagulant is
added to water the precipitating
solids remain finely divided
unless they are agglomerated
into well-developed flocs by way
of gentle agitation. Flocculation
is necessarily followed after
coagulation. During the flocculation period, agglomeration of colloidal materials with hydrated
coagulant species is completed and they become incorporated in the mass of precipitated floc.
Clarification: The precipitated floc is accumulated in the clarification process and leads to the
formation of sludge blanket. The initial flocculation is completed within this sludge blanket,
clarifier unit. The particulate matters are settled out in the clarifier unit.

31. 26 | P a g e

Rapid Gravity Sand Filter
At Kosad waterworks which
is in neck of commissioning
I got clear understanding of
how Rapid Gravity Sand
filters the water which is
drawn from clarifocculators.
As the name implies have
high filtration rates and is
designed to receive
coagulated and settled
water. When the water
flows down through media,
suspended and most of the
colloidal impurities in the
water are left behind in the
pores or upon the media
itself. This process of separating impurities from the carrying water is called filtration.
The filtering media consists of sand and gravel of desired size and quality. Each filter is provided
with inlet, outlet and backwash drain outlet and air inlet. The clarified water containing the
residual suspended matters pass through the filters during which the residual suspended solids
are retained on the top of filter media. This reduces the rate of filtration through the filters.
Therefore washing of the filter media is necessary for removing the accumulated impurities. For
that scouring is provided by air blowers and water from filtered water tank.

Treated water outlet
Treated water is passed from the filter bed to
treated water sump through treated water outlet
which then ready for distribution following post-
chlorination process.
Chlorine, when added to water, reacts with
reduced state compounds present in the water, and
further reacts with the water itself. The chlorine
reactions to water or nitrogenous compounds
present in water produces chlorine residual, which
are able to kill microorganisms in the water.

32. 27 | P a g e


Raw water parameter Treated water parameter
1.pH 1.pH
8.89 7.6
2. Dissolved oxygen 2. Dissolved oxygen
7.6 7.4
3.Turbidity 3.Turbidity
2.31 1.06
4.FRC(Free Residual Chlorine) 4.FRC(Free Residual Chlorine)
1.25 0.81
Real time data of Dindoli Water Treatment Plant dated 26/08/2021

6.3. Water Distribution System
Distribution system is a network of pipelines that distribute water to the consumers. A good
distribution system should satisfy the followings:
• Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution pipes.
• It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended places with sufficient
pressure head.
Key Components of a Water Distribution System
• Pumping station:
Pumps, motors and other electrical and structural components
• Distribution storage:
Mass Balancing Reservoirs, Service Reservoirs, Intermediate Tanks etc.
• Pipes and appurtenances:
Pipes, valves, meters etc.


Pumping Station(Booster House)

Here in Surat, there are Booster
House namely;

1. SarthanaBooster-2
2. Sarthana Booster-3
3. Varaccha HWW Booster-1
4. Varaccha HWW Booster-2
5. KatargamBooster-1
6. KatargamBooster-2
7. KartargamBooster-3
8. RanderBooster-1

33. 28 | P a g e


Pumps in water distribution systems are required for lifting water or providing additional
pressure/head in supply lines.

Distribution Storage
Water is stored in elevated, under
ground or grounded reservoirs in
distribution systems, for ensuring
desired rate of supplying usual hours,
with provisions of meeting
emergency demands. Usually, the
storage reservoirs in distribution
networks include Storage Reservoirs,
Elevated Service Reservoirs
(ESR),and at times, Intermediate
Tanks.

34. 29 | P a g e

7. Maintenance Activities Observation

I have get a chance to have a close observation and see how the maintenance team work
to resolve various issue related mechanical parts. Not only this I have also come across to
see the REPLACEMENT of existing pneumatic control butterfly valves with electrically
operated actuator butterfly valves at Rander Waterworks.

Choke in strainer

There was a problem in Pandesara Booster House, where one of the VT pump discharged
less flow as compare to rated flow. As per standard practice of SMC, Maintenance Team
attended the site to resolve this issue. I also presented there and observed the maintenance
activities carried out by the team. The maintenance team has dismantled the entire pump
(along with elect. Motor) and found that some material were chocked in strainer. After
removing that chocked material, pump was Re-erected by maintenance team and Tested
it OK.

REPLACEMENT of existing pneumatic control butterfly valves with
electrically operated actuator butterfly valves at Rander Waterworks.

I also got the chance to observe of REPALCMENT work of 20 years old pneumatic
control butterfly valves with electrically operated actuator butterfly valves at Rander
Waterworks. It is observed that these valves (old) were installed at Filter beds, and it
seems very difficult and challenging job to replace these valves without disturbing the
DAILY OPERATION of Rander Water Works. But, it is observed that SMC always
come up with effective solution to such problems, which inspire me a lot.

Pneumatic Control Valve (PneumaticActuators)

Pneumatic actuators use air (or
another gas) pressure as the
primary power source to produce
motion, which, in turn, controls
the valve. In the most common
type of pneumatic actuator, the
diaphragm actuator, air is pumped
into a hollow casing where the
resulting pressure acts on a
flexible rubber diaphragm to

35. 30 | P a g e

deflect it from its original position. The diaphragm, which is connected to a valve stem,
moves up or down to adjust the pneumatic electric valve disc and control fluid flow.
Pneumatic actuators typically produce linear motion but can also be used to generate
rotary movement.


Actuator Control Valve(Elcetric Actuators)

Electric actuators, on the other
hand, use electricity as the main
power source to drive the actuator
motion. Electric actuators are
further subdivided into two
classifications: solenoid or motor-
driven actuators.
Here in SMC, Motor-driven
actuators are used an to move the
valve to the desired position.
Electric actuators are capable of
producing linear or rotary motion.







Pneumatic Actuators have following limitations.
 High Maintenance in cylinder and Air line.
 Difficult to maintain required pressure in long line in terms of air leakages.
 High Operating costs include replacement, cylinder costs, air line installation and
maintenance.
 Air compressor used for pneumatic actuator having low efficiency when the
compressor is partially loaded, which result waste of electricity.
 They must also constantly compress air at the operating pressure, even when the
actuator isn’t moving, which leads to low efficiency.
 In addition the devices used in the pneumatic system need to be maintained on a
regular basis.

36. 31 | P a g e

 Pneumatic actuators must be sized for a specific job in order to be efficient. This
requires proportional sized valves, regulators, and compressors which raises the cost
and complexity.

Considering all the above limitations and old valves and also pneumatic actuators
installations are almost 20 years old, SMC had decided to REPLACE these old
installation with electrically operated actuator butterfly valves.

Some of the Key benefits of electrically operated actuator over pneumatic actuator
are as follow;

 Electric actuators is the precise control and positioning. This allow easy
implementation in existing machines and systems at low operating costs.
 Having the electronics separate from the actuator supports easy maintenance and
minimal replacement costs
 Another key differentiator is the very low noise of electric actuators compared to
pneumatic actuators.
 They can be easily networked and programmed quickly. Immediate feedback for
diagnostics and maintenance is available.
 In addition, their motion profiles can be fully controlled and encoders can be
implemented for even greater control of for example velocity, position, torque, and
applied force.

37. 32 | P a g e

References


1. https://www.suratsmartcity.com/
2. https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/
3. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/a-visit-a-
wastewater-treatment-plant?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-
science_center_objects
4. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/public/water_treatment.html
5. https://www.rs-online.com/designspark/how-to-decide-between-a-pneumatic-
and-an-electric-actuator
6. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/104/105104102/