AIM AND OBJECTIVES IN THE RESEARCH..pptx

A note on how to write aim and objective in a research

1. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF A RESEARCH Presented by, Jijimol T Third semester M. Pharm Pharmaceutics CPS, GMC, Kannur

2. RESEARCH AIM The term research aim usually refers to the main goal or overarching purpose of a research project. To determine the study’s aim, the researcher must decide what its overall, long-term aim is and describe the overall purpose (what should be accomplished) in general terms. This ultimately enables the reader to judge whether the researcher has achieved that purpose. A research aim is usually formulated as a broad statement of the main goal of the research and can range in length from a single sentence to a short paragraph.

3. Predict Add to the knowledge base. Have a personal, social, institutional, and/or organisational impact. Measure change. Understand complex phenomena. Test new ideas. Generate new ideas. Inform constituencies. Examine the past.

4. The aim should be made up of three parts that answer the below questions: Why   is this research required? What  is this research about? How   are you going to do it? The first question,  why , provides context to the research project , the second question,  what , describes the aim of the research , the last question,  how , acts as an introduction to the objectives which will immediately follow. The easiest way to achieve this would be to address each question in its own sentence, although it does not matter whether combine them or write multiple sentences for each, the key is to address each one.

5. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Research objectives are the specific statements indicating the key issues to be focused on in a research project. Usually, a research project will have several specific research objectives. Research objectives indicate in more detail the specific research topics or issues the project plans to investigate, building on the main theme stated in the research aim.

6. Newell and Burnard 2011 divided objectives in to two: Primary and secondary. Primary - bound to achieved S econdary - incidental . It should be closely related to the research question, cover all aspects of the problem, specific, ordered in a logical sequence, achievable, take into consideration the available resources, including time, and mutually exclusive of each other.

7. Johnson and Christensen (2014) – 5 types of objectives Exploration: It involves using mainly inductive methods to discover a concept, construct, phenomenon or situation and advance understanding, hypotheses or generalisations. Description: It involves identifying and describing the antecedents, nature and aetiology of a phenomenon.

8. Explanation: It involves developing theory for the purpose of explaining the relationships among concepts or phenomena and determining reasons for the existence of events. Prediction: It refers to using pre-existing knowledge or theory to predict what will occur at a later point in time. Influence: It relates to manipulation of the setting or variable to produce an anticipated outcome.

9. SIGNIFICANCE OF OBJECTIVES It should always direct the researcher to follow the correct and proper path throughout the study. Helps to organize the study clearly defined parts or phases. Facilitates the development of better research protocol, study design, sample size collection, analysis, interpretation and utilization of data. Based on objectives, items are framed in questionnaire, tables are general, results are interpreted and discussed.

10. Doran’s (1981) criteria can be applied when setting research objectives. These are: Specific Measurable   Achievable   Realistic  Time constrained  

11. Specific  – be precise about what you are going to do Measurable   – you will know when you have reached your goal Achievable  – Don’t attempt too much – a less ambitious but completed objective is better than an over-ambitious one that you cannot possibly achieve. Realistic   – do you have the necessary resources to achieve the objective – time, money, skills, etc. Time constrained   – determine when each stage needs to be completed.

12. TIPS FOR WRITING RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Be concise One tip for writing strong research objectives is to write the objectives as concisely as you can. Try to remove unnecessary words and filler to make the objectives as easy to understand as possible. If possible, try to keep each individual objective to only one sentence. Keep your number of objectives limited It's also important to write only a few specific research objectives. Try to limit the number of objectives to five or less to help avoid getting overwhelmed by trying to accomplish a long list of objectives and c an also choose one general objective and a few other specific, pointed objectives.

13. Use action verbs Using action verbs can help you measure whether you've accomplished your research objective, and it can also make your objectives feel more actionable and engaging . Eg : Assess Determine Calculate Compare Explain Describe

14. Be realistic Another tip for writing research objectives is to keep them realistic. Make sure you can achieve them with the time and resources you already have. Unrealistic objectives can make you feel overwhelmed and discouraged, so it's important to create objectives that you can realistically achieve.

15. Ask for feedback You can also improve your research objectives by asking a mentor or colleague to review your research objective drafts. This can help you spot any errors you might have missed and make your objectives more understandable to other people. Proofread and review your objectives It's also important to proofread and review your objectives to make sure they're free of typos and other errors. Check your spelling and grammar to ensure that your objectives appear professional and perfectly accurate.

16. MISTAKES IN WRITING RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Making research aim too broad Having a research aim too broad becomes very difficult to achieve. Making research objectives too ambitious Be realistic about what you can achieve in the time you have available. Formulating repetitive research objectives

17. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AIM OBJECTIVE Describes “what” you intend to achieve through your research Focus on “how” you will achieve the aim Usually written in broad terms covering the entire dissertation Are specific statements describing steps through which the research aim will be achieved It is written as a single sentence or a small paragraph Should be written as a numbered list Focuses on long-term outcomes Focus on short-term and immediate outcomes.

18. REFERENCE Farrugia P, Petrisor BA, Farrokhyar F, Bhandari M. Research questions, hypotheses and objectives. Canadian journal of surgery. 2010 Aug;53(4):278. Doody O, Bailey ME. Setting a research question, aim and objective. Nurse researcher. 2016 Mar 21;23(4). https://www.discoverphds.com/advice/doing/research-aims-and-objectives https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-objectives https://learn.solent.ac.uk/mod/book/view.php?id=116233&chapterid=15294 https://www.medicineslearningportal.org/2017/04/research-aims-and-objectives.html https://www.researchprospect.com/how-to-write-dissertation-aims-and-objectives/