Aim: To study the effects of neurotoxins on the nervous system using photographs.

This pdf is about the Study of histopathological correlates of neurotoxicity using permanent slides/photographs.

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1. selfexplanatory.2022
HelloHI
नमस्ते
ْم
ُ
كْيالاع ُمالََّسلا
َِّللَّٱ ُةامْحاراو
ُهُتاكاراباو
Saba Parvin Haque
M.Sc. Life Sciences
(Specialization in Neurobiology)
from “Sophia College”
(Autonomous), Mumbai.

2. Study of histopathological
correlates of neurotoxicity
using permanent
slides/photographs.

3. Aim:
To study the effects of
neurotoxins on the nervous
system using photographs.

4. Pre-lab Q&a:
What is neurotoxicity?
Mention some neurotoxins?

5. Solvents
•Commonly found organic solvents are classified as hydrocarbons
(aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic, or halogenated), ethers, aldehydes,
alcohols, ketones, or amines.
•Blood absorption via skin or lungs occurs quickly after exposure, with
blood level dependent on many environmental factors. Many solvents
can also be retained in organs with high lipid content such as the brain.
•One of the most common beings paints thinner. It contains two
primary compounds, toluene and xylene. It is inhaled by saturating a
sock or other cloth with the substance and inhaling or “huffing,” or
Bagging. The latter involves breathing in the substance through a bag.
Fig: Teenagers inhaling paint-thinner and other addictive
substances is a common sight in Delhi.
https://www.deccanherald.com/content/558281/abuse-industrial-substance-kids-rise.html
Source: https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.270101

6. •The brain is a major target for the actions of alcohol, and heavy alcohol consumption has long been associated with
brain damage. Studies indicate that alcohol is neurotoxic, with direct effects on nerve cells.
•Studies using MRI and CT show enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and sulci in most alcoholics. Enlargement of
these structures reflects a shrinkage of brain mass.
https://images.app.goo.gl/Zq1bQyH2gXcgPwtAA
Alcohol
https://images.app.goo.gl/9x9pYGD5fKhAbaNHA
https://www.cleartreatment.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Alcoholic-brain.gif https://www.cleartreatment.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Alcoholic-brain.gif

7. Alcohol
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/pW82duMVNSAA68fU7

8. Manganese
Source: https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/79/3/263/F1.large.jpg
Manganese toxicity has been described
in children receiving long term
parenteral nutrition manifested by
movement disorders and cholestatic liver
disease when parenteral manganese
supplementation has been excessive.

9. Pesticides
Figure: Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), an
organophosphate insecticide, is associated with neurobehavioral
deficits in humans and animal models. High CPF exposure was
associated with enlargement of superior temporal, posterior middle
temporal, and inferior postcentral gyri bilaterally, and enlarged
superior frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus, cuneus, and precuneus along
the mesial wall of the right hemisphere. High-exposure children
also showed frontal and parietal cortical thinning, and an inverse
dose-response relationship between CPF and cortical thickness.
This study reports significant associations of prenatal exposure to a
widely used environmental neurotoxicant, at standard use levels,
with structural changes in the developing human brain.
•Pesticides are a broad range of substances most commonly
used to control insects, weeds, and fungi (plant diseases).
•They are frequently classified by target organism or mode of
use as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, or fumigants.
https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.270101

10. The effects of various neurotoxins on the nervous system
were studied.
Conclusion:

11. Post-lab Q&a:
How do toluene and xylene affect the brain ?
How does manganese toxicity manifest itself ?

12. •Kafritsa, Y., Fell, J., Long, S., Bynevelt, M., Taylor, W., & Milla, P. (1998). Long term outcome of brain manganese deposition in patients on home parenteral
nutrition. Arch Dis Child, 79(3), 263–265.
•Kamel, F., & Hoppin, J. A. (2004). Association of Pesticide Exposure with Neurologic Dysfunction and Disease. Environ Health Perspect, 112(9), 950–958.
•Pal Bansal, D., & Gude, D. (2012). Revisiting Endosulfan. J Family Med Prim Care, 1(1), 76–78.
•Psychiatry Online. (n.d.). The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/action/cookieAbsent
•Ramcharan, K., Ramesar, A., Ramdath, M., Teelucksingh, J., & Gosein, M. (2014). Encephalopathy and Neuropathy due to Glue, Paint Thinner, and Gasoline
Sniffing in Trinidad and Tobago-MRI Findings. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine, 2014, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850109
•Treatment, C. (2017, November 21). How Alcohol Affects The Brain. Clear Detox Center. https://www.cleartreatment.org/alcohol-effects/
REFERENCES:

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