AIR CONDITIONER for Engineering Project.pptx

Presentation on science behind AIR CONDITIONER. Can be helpful for engineering projects.

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1. PHYSICS PRESENTATION ON AIR CONDITIONER -ARYAN GOYAL

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Uses of Air conditioner PRINCIPLE Thermo-Physics principle behind working of air conditioner WORKING APPLICATIONS NEW INVENTED TECHNOLOGY HUMBLE REQUEST: Ask your queries at the end of this ppt 01 02 04 03 Thermodynamic process of how air conditioner works District and chilled beam cooling system

3. PRINCIPLE 01

4. Principle 1. The basic principle an AC is  a vapor compression cycle to minimize the air temperature with  the help of a condenser, compressor, expansion valve, and evaporator. The complete cooling process is a heat transfer taking place among the room air and refrigerant gas. 2. First Law of Thermodynamics: It simply says that during an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant. 3. Conservation of Energy: During an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains the same. In Air Conditioner, Electrical Energy  ( i ) Mechanical Energy [Fan, Compressor etc.] (ii) Internal Energy [Refrigerant Agent] The following principles apply to air conditioning:

5. Principle The following principles apply to air conditioning: 4. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Energy has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy. Eg- a cup of hot coffee getting cold in a cooler room, Air conditioner etc. 5. Thermal Energy Reservoir: Referred to as heat reservoirs as they supply and absorb energy in the form of heat with negligible change in temperature. Eg: Air Conditioner absorbs heat and make the room cool. 6.Throttling Effect: The temperature of a real gas or liquid changes when it is forced through a valve or a small hole. 7.Steady –Flow Process: Defined as a process during which a fluid flows through a controlled volume steadily.

6. 02 WORKING

7. Working-1 Both the internal and external units are connected so as to maintain the system in which the refrigerant (fluid inside the air conditioner) will flow and produce cooling effect by absorbing and releasing the energy. Starting from the Internal unit, the cooled refrigerant will be present in the liquid form. When the air come inside the internal unit it will pass through the pipe and the inlet air will come in contact with the pipe. Here the heat in the inlet air will get transferred to the refrigerant and hence the energy transfer takes place due to which the inlet air will get cooled and will come as cold air from the outlet. The inlet air is maintaining thermal equilibrium with refrigerant as per the zeroth law of thermodynamics.

8. WORKING-2 In air conditioner, the refrigerant, in a liquid form, is passed through a set of evaporator coils across in which room air is passed. The refrigerant evaporates and due to this process, it absorbs the heat contained in the room air. When the cooled air reaches its saturation point, it’s moisture condenses on fins placed over the coils. The cooled and dehumidified air is returned into the room by means of a blower. 1 2 3 4 5 The water runs down the fins and is drained out by pipe.

9. 03 NEW INVENTED TECHNOLOGY

10. 1.DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM District Cooling System (DCS) is a system which distributes chilled water or other media, usually provided from a dedicated cooling plant, to multiple buildings for air conditioning or other uses. THE ADVANTAGES: Improve energy efficiency Protect environment Save spaces Improve urban view Reduce manpower for operation and maintenance

11. 1.DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM WHY IS IT ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY: District cooling helps the environment by increasing efficiency and reducing carbon emissions including air pollution, the greenhouse gas (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone-destroying refrigerants. DCS can reduce annual CO2 emission by about 1 ton for every ton of district cooling refrigeration demand served. DCS COMPONENTS – Center chilled plant- generate chilled water for cooling purpose Distribution network- distribute chilled water to building. User station- interface own building air-conditioning circuit.

12. HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS: DC means the centralized production and distribution of cooling energy. Chilled water is delivered via an underground insulated pipeline to office, industrial and residential buildings to cool the indoor air of the buildings within a district. Specially designed units in each building then use this water to lower the temperature of air passing through the buildings AC’s. The output of one cooling plant is enough to meet the cooling-energy demand of dozens of buildings. DC can be run on electricity or natural gas, and can use either regular water or seawater. Along with electricity and water, DC constitute a new form of energy service. 1.DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM

13. 2.CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM It is a type of convection HVAC system designed to heat or cool high rise building such as commercial building. It’s primary cooling effect is through convection by using water to remove heat from a room. Pipes of water pass through the beam suspended from a short distance from the ceiling of a room. As the beam chills the air around it, the air becomes denser and falls to the floor. It is replaced by warmer air moving up from below, causing a constant flow of convection and cooling the room.

14. 2.CHILLED BEAM COOLING SYSTEM THE ADVANTAGES: Simple to design and control Smaller ductwork Less mechanical space Less maintenance Increased comfort THE DISADVANTAGES: Not well known in our industry. Higher construction cost Many engineers aren’t familiar with this technology Dew point concerns, building must have a good control of humidity to prevent condensation on chilled beam surface.

15. APPLICATIONS 04

16. AIR CONDITIONER INDUSTRIAL The main purpose of industrial air conditioning systems is to provide conductive conditions so that the required processes can be carried out and required products can be produced. HOME COMFORT Cooling of laboratories down to -40’C for biological tests. C ooling for manufacturing in textiles, pharmaceutical products, power plants. H uman body requires temp. close to 26’C for regulatory mechanisms of the body. For less effort to be put by our body to maintain inside for its biological processes, we use air conditioners at- Home, offices, schools&colleges Restaurants, hotels, shopping malls. M etro trains, buses, cars H ospitals, dispensaries

17. THANK YOU VERY MUCH! U may ask your queries now!