Air microbiology

Air microbiology is a scientific discipline that concerns the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, in the atmospheric air. It is a subdiscipline of environmental microbiology.

1. Air M icrobiology Dr. Rachana Choudhary Department of Microbiology Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya Junwani Bhilai

2. INTRODUCTION Aero microbiology deals with the study of air borne microorganism & viruses along with the particulate matter of air, dust, specially smoke dust & pesticides. Microorganism present in air contains aerosol particles which comes through cough & sneezing and various other sources.

3. Air is a poor medium for microbial growth – too dry and no nutrients Spore forming and Gram- positive bacteria are resistant to drying Dust, water droplets in air carry microbial populations from one place to another Sneezing, coughing, talking are efficient methods of transferring microbes from one respiratory tract to another 100 m/sec, 10000 – 100000 bacteria

4. Liquid and dust particles settle in the respiratory tract depending on their velocity and size Microorganisms colonize specific locations in the respiratory tract

5. Microbe in air Bacteria Fungi Algae Virus

6. Indoor air Microbiology Aeromicrospora of Pharmacy Aeromicroflora of hospitals House dust Aeromicroflora of Storage Materials

7. WHAT IS DROPLET NUCLEI? On increasing concentration of aerosol particles they act as nuclei having condensed water vapors on its surface forming a cloud droplet nuclei like structure. These aerosol are infectious secretions containing pathogenic organism.

8. AEROALLERGANS The term allergy is used to denote any altered capacity of body to react with a foreign substance. term allergy was first introduced by Anton Van Pirquet in 1906. Allergy is caused by certain biological & abiological agents present in air are called aeroallergens .

9. SOME COMMON AEROALLERGANS AEROALLERGAN SOURCES Pollen grains Wind-pollinated ex- grasses, woods, trees, saprophytic fungi, multiply on dead organic substrate in presence of optimum moisture and temperature. Dander's Feathers of birds, hairs of cat ,dog ,ship cattle animal, human and laboratory. House dust A composite of all dust containing specific components related to algae. Cosmetic Talcs, hairtonics,lotion,bindis.etc Insecticide Containing pyrerethrum as a common ingredient. Paints &Varnish Linseed oil, organic solvent act as irritant.

10. TYPES OF AEROALLERGANS. INDOOR AEROALLERGANS OUTDOOR AEROALLERGANS

11. 1.HOUSE DUST ALLERGANS OTHER AEROALLERGANS

12. 2.POLLEN Mainly the plants belonging to family Poaceae , Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae cause pollen allergy. Tilak & vishaue in 1979 recorded 33 pollen type of which herb pollen grains are highest. Pollens are dispersed through vector like wind water & insect. Occurrence of pollen different accord to seasons

13. 3.COSMETICS They are artificial or chemical used on our skin to cleanse, beautifully & after appearance. The causes of cosmetic allergies are The quality of product of cosmetics. Spoilage of cosmetic by microbes ex . E.coli , B.subtilis , Alternaria . Secretion of toxic by microbes. Chemical ingredient of cosmetic.

14. COSMETICS ALLERGY Hair dyes Common cause of contact dermatitis. Hair oil Mustard oil gave positive patch test. Shampoos Selson shampoo give the patch test. Lipsticks' Eosin is a potent photocontact sensitizer. Tooth pastes Forming agent an known to be chief causes of contact dermatitis.

15. ALLERGAN MICROFLORA AEROALLERGAN EXAMPLES ALGAE Alusoria,Chlamydomonas , nostoc,plectonema,chlorella . FUNGI Alternaria,Aspergillus,Candida,trichoderma,Fusarium . LICHENS Clodonia,Heterodermia , Parmelia,Usnea . POLLEN GRAINS Amaranths' spp,Datura mettle,ocimum sanctum. OTHERS Dust,mites,viruses,etc .

16. ENUMERATION OF AEROALLERGANS GRAVITATIONAL METHOD : In this method solid media is used. In it air is passed then due to gravitational force microbes settle in media & after incubation quantity of microbes is known.

17. IMPECTION METHOD In this method a metal contained is used the bottom of which is colored. This contain is fitted with an inverted funnel which is ½ inches above the bottom plates containing agar media is kept at the bottom of container. In this method air flow is regulated by funnel air reaction the media in a uniform way.

18. IMPINGMENT IN LIQUID MEDIA In this method liquid broth is used where air is regulated by a tube. In broth glass beads are added to form air gaps. At the position of beads are no growth is observed. Hence growth is divided in segments.

19. SIEVE METHOD Sieve plate is kept agar media & upon sieve plate funnel is kept by which air is blown in media . For different pore size plates are used .

20. AIR SAMPLE METHOD Burkard Slide method. Burkard Petri plate method. Andersen six stage sample. Rotorod sample.

21. PURIFICATION OF AIR Purification of air is done by following methods: Radiation method it uses X-rays-rays,& UV rays. It is used in hospitals , musems & in apparatus etc. Radiation method

22. 2.TEMPERATURE TREATMENT. In operation theater the cloth instruments etc are autoclaved so that they become microbes free. In laboratory for pure culturing media is first autoclaved to make it microbes. In dry heating glass wares are sterilized by heating there in hot air oven for 180’c for 2 hours before using them.

23. 3.BY LAMINAR AIR FLOW Used for maintaining sterilized environment. It is an apparatus consisting of an air blower which produced uniform air flow having special (HEPA) filters. HEPA filter can remove particles as small as 0.3mm.

24. IONAIRE At present to estuary microorganism ionaire apparatus is used . It though electricity & it is mostly used for detecting lung diseases caused by pollens, soil particles etc.& for allergic patients.

25. CHEMICAL METHOD. To purify the polluted air many chemicals are used phenol, sodium nitrocloride , resorcinol, hexaresorcinol , prophenyl glycol, triethylene glycol, and formaline and potassium permanganate solution.

26. CONCLUSION Atmosphere is a habitat characterized by extreme environment & temperature variations but substantial of microbes are founding lower region of atmosphere. they contaminate the air & care allergen these allergen may be pollen TS

27. REFERENCE General Microbiology-C. B. Powar Principle of Microbiology- Presscott 7 th addition Environmental Biology-U. Satyanarayana Textbook of Microbiology-R. P. Singh

28. THANK YOU