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air preheater

1. AIR PRE HEATERS
TYPES AND FUNCTIONS,
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS,
SCAPH & SOOT BLOWERS
1

2. AIRPREHEATER ISANHEAT
RECOVERY UNITUSEDINTHE
LASTSTAGEINBOILER
ITISAHEATEXCHANGER THAT
ABSORBS WASTEHEATFROM
EXITFLUEGASINBOILERAND
TRANSFERS THEHEATTOTHE
INCOMINGCOLDAIR
INUTILITYBOILERSITISUSED
TOHEATTHEAIRREQUIRED
FORCOMBUSTION PURPOSEAS
WELLASDRY&TRANSPORT
COAL
2

3. 3
SCR:
SELECTIVE
CATALYTIC
REACTOR
FOR NOx
REDUCTION

4. THE EFFICIENCY OF BOILER INCREASED BY 1 % FOR EVERY
20°C DROP IN FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE
AN AIR PRE-HEATER HEATS THE COMBUSTION AIR WHERE IT
IS ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE
THE PRE-HEATING HELPS THE FOLLOWING:
IGNITING THE FUEL
IMPROVING COMBUSTION
DRYING THE PULVERIZED COAL IN PULVERIZER
REDUCING THE STACK GAS TEMPERATURE AND INCREASING
THE BOILER EFFICIENCY
ENABLES EFFICIENT BURNING OF LOWER GRADE FUELS
SAVES AS MUCH AS 15% ON FUEL COSTS
4

5. 500 MW UNIT
5

6. AIR PREHEATERS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS RECUPERATIVE
ANDREGENERATIVE TYPEBASED ON THEIR OPERATING
PRINCIPLE
RECUPERATIVE AIR PREHEATER
TUBULAR AIR PREHEATER
PLATE TYPE AIR PREHEATER
REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATER
LJUNGSTROM TYPE AIR PREHEATER (THE ROTATING-PLATE
REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATERS)
ROTHEMAHLE TYPE AIR PREHEATER (THE STATIONARY-PLATE
REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATERS)
LJUNGSTROM AIR PREHEATER ARRENGEMENT
BISECTORSTYPE AIR PREHEATER
TRISECTORSTYPE AIR PREHEATER
QUADSECTOR TYPE AIR PREHEATER
6

7. IN RECUPERATIVE TYPE AIR PREHEATER: FLUE GAS IS ON ONE
SIDE AND AIR IS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF TUBE OR PLATE AND THE
HEAT TRANSFER IS BY CONDUCTION THROUGH THE MATERIAL
WHICH SEPARATES THE MEDIA
THESE ARE OF STATIC CONSTRUCTION AND HENCE THERE IS ONLY
NOMINAL LEAKAGE THROUGH EXPANSION
TUBULAR AIR PREHEATER (RECUPERATIVE)
7HORIZONTAL TYPE TUBULAR APH VERTICAL TYPE TUBULAR APH

8. THISUSUALLYCONSISTSOFLARGENUMBER OFSTEEL
TUBESOF40TO65mmDIAMETER EITHERWELDEDOR
EXPANDEDINTOTHETUBEPLATESATTHEEND
EITHERGASORAIRMAYBEALLOWEDTOFLOWTHROUGH
THETUBE
GASTHROUGH THETUBENORMALLY REQUIRESHIGHER
SIZETUBEANDVERTICALFLOWTOREDUCEFOULING
(ACCUMULATION OFUNWANTED MATERIAL)
SINGLEORMOREPASSESONTHEGASSIDEANDMULTIPASS
CROSSFLOWONTHEAIRSIDEUSUALLYFITSINWITHTHE
OVERALLPLANTDESIGN
THEPORTIONOFAIRPREHEATER ATLOWTEMPERATURE
ZONEISDESIGNED NORMALLY WITHASHORTER TUBE
LENGTHSOASTOFACILITATEMAINTENANCE OFSURFACES
DUETOCORROSION ANDFOULING
8

9. 9

10. 10
TUBULARAIRPREHEATERS CONSISTOFSTRAIGHTTUBEBUNDLES
WHICHPASSTHROUGH THEOUTLETDUCTINGOFTHEBOILERAND
OPENATEACHENDOUTSIDEOFTHEDUCTING.
INSIDETHEDUCTING,THEHOTFURNACEGASESPASSAROUNDTHE
PREHEATERTUBES,TRANSFERRING HEATFROMTHEEXHAUSTGAS
TOTHEAIRINSIDETHEPREHEATER.
INATYPICALTUBULARAIRHEATER,ENERGYISTRANSFERRED
FROMTHEHOTFLUEGASFLOWINGINSIDEMANYTHINWALLED
TUBESTOTHECOLDCOMBUSTION AIRFLOWING OUTSIDETHE
TUBES.
THEUNITCONSISTSOFANESTOFSTRAIGHTTUBESTHATAREROLL
EXPANDED ORWELDEDINTOTUBESHEETS ANDENCLOSED INA
STEELCASING.
INTERMEDIATE BAFFLEPLATESPARALLELTOTHETUBESHEETSARE
FREQUENTLY USEDTOSEPARATETHEFLOWPATHSANDELIMINATE
TUBEDAMAGING FLOWINDUCEDVIBRATION.

11. 11
THEPOORPERFORMANCE OFANAIRPREHEATERINTHEMODERN
POWERPLANTSISONEOFTHEMAINREASONFORHIGHERUNIT
HEATRATE&ISRESPONSIBLE FORDETERIORATION INBOILER
EFFICIENCY.
THEMAINPROBLEMOFAIRPREHEATERISTHELEAKAGEOFAIRTO
THEFLUEGASSIDE&THEREBYRESULTINGINPOORTHERMAL
PERFORMANCE .
THEHIGHERASHCONTENTININDIANCOALALSOADDSTOTHE
PROBLEMSASSOCIATEDWITHTUBULARAIRPREHEATER.
AIRPREHEATERS AREDESIGNED TOMEETPERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS WITHCONSIDERATION OFHIGHLYINFLUENCING
PARAMETERS VIZ.HEATTRANSFER, LEAKAGEANDPRESSURE
DROP.

12. 12

13. THESE COMPRISE OF PARALLEL
PLATES WHICH PROVIDE
ALTERNATE PASSAGE FOR GAS
AND AIR
THIS TYPE IS SIMPLE AND
COMPACT COMPARED TO THAT
OF TUBULAR TYPE
THE NARROW PASSES
BETWEEN PLATES MAKE THE
CLEANING TEDIOUS BUT WITH
SHOT CLEANING METHOD IT IS
IMPROVED
BUT REPLACEMENT IS A MAJOR
TASK
13
SINGLE GAS PASS,TWO AIR PASS PLATE
TYPE AIR PREHEATER

14. INREGENERATIVE TYPETHEHEATING MEDIUM FLOWS
THROUGH ACLOSELYPACKED MATRIX TORAISEITS
TEMPERATURE ANDTHENAIRISPASSEDTHROUGH THE
MATRIXTOPICK-UPTHEHEAT
EITHERTHEMATRIXORTHEHOODSAREROTATED TO
ACHIEVETHISANDHENCETHEREISSLIGHTLEAKAGE
THROUGH SEALING ARRANGEMENTS ATTHEMOVING
SURFACES
ROTATES WITH A LOW SPEED(2 rpm)
ROTOR IS DIVIDED INTO 12 OR 24 SECTIONS AND 12 OR 24
RADIAL DIVISIONS
EACH SECTOR IS DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL TRAPEZOIDAL
SECTIONS WITH TRANSVERSE DIVISION PLATES
HEAT STORAGE PLATES ARE PLACED IN THESE SECTIONS
THIS CONSISTS OF : ROTOR, SEALING APPARATUS,SHELL ETC.
14

15. 15

16. 24 SECTORS12 SECTORS
16

17. THEHEATTRANSFER ELEMENTS AREROTATED ATA
CONSTANT SPEEDANDTHEYPASSALTERNATELY THROUGH
GASANDAIRPASSES.
THEDRIVEISNORMALLY ELECTRICALOPERATEDTHROUGH
REDUCTION GEARWITHCOMPRESSED AIRMOTOR AS
STANDBY
THEPLATESFORMING THEELEMENTS (MATRIX)MAYBE
VARIEDINSPACINGANDTHICKNESSANDCOLDENDSARE
MADEOFSPECIALCORROSION RESISTANCEALLOYSUCHAS
CORTENORENAMELEDTOACHIEVECORROSION RESISTANCE
THIS TYPE IS VERY COMPACT AND LENDS EASILY FOR
DUCTING ARRANGEMENT
EFFECTIVE CLEANING OF HEAT -TRANSFER SURFACE BY SOOT
BLOWING IS POSSIBLE
17

18. 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21
THIS TYPE IS THE
SAME AS THE
LJUNGSTROM
TYPE -EXCEPT
THAT THE MATRIX
ELEMENT IS
STATIONARY AND
THE AIR GAS
HOODS ROTATE.

22. THEMAJORITYOFLJUNGSTRÖM AIRPREHEATERS SUPPLIEDAREIN
THEBI-SECTOR DESIGN.THESEHEATERS HAVETWOBASIC
STREAMS,ONEOFGASANDONEOFAIR
22

23. 23
THISTYPEOFAIRPREHEATER ISUSEDINGASANDOILFIRED
BOILERS,ANDINCOALFIREDBOILERSASSEPARATEPREHEATERS
FORTHEPRIMARYANDTHESECONDARY AIR.

24. 24
THISTYPEOFAIRPREHEATERISDIVIDEDINTOTHREESECTIONS,
ONEFORTHEFLUEGAS,ONEFORTHEPRIMARYAIRANDONEFOR
THESECONDARY AIR.

25. DESIGNED FORCOAL-FIREDAPPLICATIONS THETRI-SECTORAIR
PREHEATERPERMITSASINGLEHEATEXCHANGER TOPERFORMTWO
FUNCTIONS:COALDRYINGANDCOMBUSTION AIRHEATING
BECAUSEONLYONEGASDUCTISREQUIRED, THENEEDFOR
DUCTWORK EXPANSION JOINTS,ANDINSULATION ISGREATLY
REDUCED WHEN COMPARED WITHASEPARATE AIRHEATING
SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT LAYOUTISSIMPLIFIED,LESSSTRUCTURAL STEELIS
NEEDEDTOINSTALLTHESYSTEMANDLESSCLEANINGEQUIPMENT
ISREQUIRED
THEDUCTARRANGEMENT OFATRI-SECTORSHOWSTHEAIRAND
GASFLOWSTHROUGH THEUNIT.THESIZEANDLOCATIONOFTHE
PRIMARY AIRDUCTCANVARY,DEPENDING ONTHEFLOWAND
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS
THEDESIGNHASTHREESECTORS–ONEFORTHEFLUEGAS,ONE
FORTHEPRIMARYAIRTHATDRIESTHECOALINTHEPULVERIZER,
ANDONEFORSECONDARY AIRTHATGOESTOTHEBOILERFOR
COMBUSTION 25

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29
THISTYPEOFAIRPREHEATERISAFURTHERDEVELOPMENT OFTHE
TRI-SECTORTYPE.THESECONDARY AIRSECTIONISDIVIDEDINTO
TWOSECTIONSEMBRACING THEPRIMARY AIRSECTION.THE
ADVANTAGE OFTHEQUADSECTOR TYPECOMPARED TOTHETRI-
SECTORTYPEISTHEREDUCEDLEAKAGE.

30. THEQUAD-SECTORTAKESTHEFAMILYONESTEPFURTHER,
WITHFOURFLOWSTREAMSTHROUGHTHEROTORTHEFOUR
SECTORSCOMPROMISE ONEGASANDONEPRIMARYAIRAS
INTHETRI-SECTOR,BUTTHEREARETWOSEPARATE
SECONDARY AIRSECTORS
THEDESIGNHASTHEPRIMARYAIRSECTOR’FLANKED'ON
EITHERSIDEBYSECONDARY AIR,ANDTHISHASABENEFIT
ONTHETOTALAIR-TO-GASLEAKAGEOFTHEUNIT
THISMETHOD OFLEAKAGE REDUCTION ISIDEALFOR
APPLICATIONS WHERE THEPRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL
BETWEENTHEAIRANDGASSIDESAREHIGH
30

31. 31

32. THE AIR PREHEATER CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING MAJOR
COMPONENTS:
ROTOR
HEATING ELEMENTS
BEARING
HOUSING
CONNECTING PLATES
SEALING ARRANGEMENTS
DRIVE UNITS
CLEANING DEVICES
SAFETY DEVICES
32

33. ROTOR:
THIS IS THE HEART OF THE EQUIPMENT RESEMBLING A SOLID
CYLINDER WITH THE EXTENDED SHAFTS CONTAINING THE HEATING
ELEMENTS
THE DIAPHRAGM PLATES DIVIDE THE ROTOR INTO NUMBER OF
SECTORS AND THESE SECTORS ARE DIVIDED INTO COMPARTMENTS
BY DIVISION PLATES
HEATING ELEMENTS:
THE STANDARD MATERIALS ARE CARBON STEEL, CORTEN STEEL,
STAINLESS STEEL AND ENAMELED COATED STEEL
THEY ARE PACKED IN A REVERSIBLE CONTAINERS CALLED BASKETS,
ARE PLACED IN ROTOR IN THREE TIERS: -HOT, INTERMEDIATE AND
COLD
THE NOTCHES ARE USED FOR MAINTAINING THE SPACES BETWEEN
THE ELEMENTS AND MINIMIZING THE PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE
AIR PREHEATER
33

34. THE HEATING ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF UNDULATED ARE PACKED
INTO IRREVERSIBLE CONTAINERS CALLED BASKETS
THE BASKETS OF HEATING ELEMENTS ARE PACKED IN EACH
SEGMENT OF THE ROTOR IN THREE TIERS VIZ.
HOT END BASKET
INTERMEDIATE END BASKET
COLD END BASKET
34

35. 35
HOT & INTEMEDIATE LAYERS
THE HEATING ELEMENT PLACED IN HOT & INTERMEDIATE LAYERS
ARE HAVING A PROFILE CALLED DOUBLE UNDULATION
THEY ARE GENERALLY MADE OF CARBON STEEL
THE UNDULATION IN THE HEATING ELEMENTS CAUSES TURBULENCE
TO THE GAS & AIR FOR EFFICIENT HEAT TRANSFER
THE NOTCHES ARE FOR MAINTAINING THE SPACING BETWEEN THE
ELEMENTS & MINIMIZING THE PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE AIR -
PREHEATER
COLD END BASKET
THE COLD END HEATING ELEMENTS HAVE A NOTCHED FLAT PROFILE
THEY ARE MADE OF CORTEN STEEL WHICH IS CORROSION
RESISTANT, AS COLD END ELEMENTS ARE PRONE FOR ACID ATTACK

36. 36

37. DOUBLE UNDULATED
DOUBLE NOCHED
FLAT NOCHED CROSSED
NOCHED CROSSED
NOCHED UNDULATED
CORRUGATED UNDULATED
37

38. MAXIMUM LIFE OF BASKETS USED IN 210 MW UNIT IS APPRXIMATE
5 YEARS
38

39. 39

40. BEARINGS:
THEEXTENDEDENDSOFTHEROTORPOSTSAREMOUNTED
WITHBEARINGASSEMBLY
THEBEARINGSAREOFSPHERICALROLLERSTYPESTOTAKE
CAREOFEVENSLIGHTESTAXIALSHIFTSIFTAKESPLACE
BEARINGATCOLDENDARECALLEDSUPPORTBEARINGSAND
BEARINGATHOTENDARECALLEDGUIDEBEARING
HOUSING:
ITISMADEOFNUMBEROFPANELSANDISASSEMBLED AT
SITETOFORMTHEHOUSINGTOACCOMMODATE THEROTOR
INSIDE
THESEPEDESTALS AREERECTEDONEXPANSION PLATES
THATAREMOUNTEDONSUPPORTSTEELS
40

41. 41

42. 42

43. 43

44. 44

45. 45

46. 46

47. 47

48. IMPORTANCE OF SEALS
OPTIMALAIRPREHEATERPERFORMANCE REQUIRESTHATTHEHOT
ANDCOLDSIDESOFTHEAIRHEATERBEPROPERLYSEALEDTO
PREVENT CROSS-AIRLEAKAGE THATNEGATIVELY AFFECTS
PERFORMANCE .THEEXISTENCE OFTHECYCLICAL THERMAL
DEFLECTION THATOCCURSINROTARYAIRHEATERS,HOWEVER,
MAKESSEALINGESPECIALLYDIFFICULT
FORTHEMOSTPART,PLANTOPERATORS TENDTOFOCUSONTHE
DETERIORATION ANDPLUGGINGOFTHEHEATEXCHANGEELEMENT
INAIRPREHEATERS,WHICHLEADSTOINCREASEDPRESSUREDROP
ANDINCREASEDDEMANDONFORCEDDRAFTANDIDFANS
INMANYCASES,THEPRESSUREDROPCANBECOMESOGREATTHAT
THEFANSCANNOTMOVEENOUGHAIRTHROUGH THEPREHEATER
TOSUSTAINFULLLOAD.THISISESPECIALLYCOMMON DURING
SUMMERMONTHSWHENWARMAMBIENTTEMPERATURES THINTHE
INCOMINGAIR,PLACINGAGREATERDEMANDONBOILERFANS
48

49. THEAIRPRE-HEATERISEQUIPPEDWITHVARIOUSSEALING
SYSTEMSLIKEINORDERTOMINIMIZETHELEAKAGEOFAIR
TOTHEFLUEGASES
RADIAL SEALING (HOT END & COLD END) SYSTEM
AXIAL SEALING SYSTEM
CIRCUMFERENTIAL SEALING SYSTEM
ROTOR POST SEALING SYSTEM
SECTOR PLATE STATIC SEALING SYSTEM
49

50. 50

51. 51

52. 52

53. 53

54. RADIAL SEALS AND SECTOR PLATES ARE LOCATED AT THE HOT
AND COLD ENDS OF THE AIR PREHEATER. THE RADIAL SEALS
ARE ATTACHED TO THE DIAPHRAGMS, WHICH SEPARATE THE
INDIVIDUAL ROTOR COMPARTMENT
PURPOSE: -THE PURPOSE OF RADIAL SEALS IS TO REDUCE THE
AREA AVAILABLE FOR LEAKAGE FROM THE AIR TO THE GAS SIDE
BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE SECTOR PLATE
54

55. H.E. DIAPHRAGM 2.5MM RADIAL SEAL
H.E. ROTOR FLANGE
CIRCUMFERENTIAL SEAL
55

56. CIRCUMFERENTIAL SEALING SYSTEM
56

57. BOILER EFFICIENCY DECREASES GENERALLY ON ACCOUNT OF APH
PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION. THIS ALSO AFFECTS ESP, ID & FD FAN
LOADINGS & AT TIMES UNIT CAPABILITY
FACTORS AFFECTING APH PERFORMANCE
EXCESS AIR LEVEL / NO OF MILLS IN SERVICE
PRIMARY AIR TO SECONDARY AIR RATIO
MOISTURE IN COAL/ AIR INGRESS LEVEL
PERFORMANCE OF UPSTREAM ASH EVACUATION SYSTEM
PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING, SOOT BLOWING & REGULAR
MAINTENANCE ETC.
HIGHER THAN EXPECTED LEAKAGE WOULD DECREASE THE FLUE GAS EXIT
TEMPERATURE, RESULTING IN FALSE SENSE OF IMPROVED WORKING.
HIGHER INLET FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE IS RATHER RARE, BUT THIS COULD BE
ONE REASON FOR HIGH EXIT TEMPERATURE.
OPTIMUM FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE IS REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE ESP
PERFORMANCE
UNEQUAL TEMPERATURE AT AIR HEATER EXIT SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED.
57

58. IN ADDITION TO INCREASE IN BOILER EFFICIENCY THE OTHER
ADVANTAGES THAT MAY RESULT IN ARE LISTED BELOW: -
STABILITY OF COMBUSTION IS IMPROVED BY USE OF HOT AIR.
INTENSIFIED AND IMPROVED COMBUSTION.
BURNING POOR QUALITY FUEL EFFICIENTLY.
HIGH HEAT TRANSFER RATE IN THE FURNACE AND HENCE LESSER HEAT
TRANSFER AREA REQUIREMENT.
LESS UNBURNT FUEL PARTICLE IN FLUE GAS THUS COMPLETE COMBUSTION IS
ACHIEVED.
INTENSIFIED COMBUSTION PERMITS FASTER LOAD VARIATION.
IN THE CASE OF PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTION, HOT AIR CAN BE USED FOR
DRYING THE COAL AS WELL AS FOR TRANSPORTING THE PULVERIZED COAL
TO BURNERS.
THIS BEING A NON-PRESSURE PART WILL NOT WARRANT SHUT -DOWN OF
UNITS DUE TO CORROSION OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE WHICH IS
INHERENT WITH LOWERING OF FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE.
LOWER GRADES OF COALS CAN BE BURNT EFFICIENTLY WITH HOT AIR.
58

59. STEAM COIL AIR
PRE-HEATER
( SCAPH )
59

60. STEAMCOILAIRPREHEATERS (SCAPHS)AREUSEDTOHEATAIR
ENTERING THEAIRHEATERRECUPERATIVE ORREGENERATIVE
TYPE,INORDERTORAISETHEAVERAGECOLDENDTEMPERATURE
TOPREVENTACIDDEWPOINTCORROSION.
THISTYPEOFEQUIPMENT ISNORMALLY INCORPORATED INTO
THEDESIGNOFABOILERUNITFORLOWLOADOPERATION AND
STARTUPOPERATIONPARTICULARLY INTHOSEAREASWITHLOW
AMBIENTAIRTEMPERATURES .
THEYAREDESIRABLE INTHATTHEMAINAIRHEATERS,
RECUPERATIVE ORREGENERATIVE, HAVECORROSION SECTIONS
THATAREMOREREADILYMAINTAINED THISTYPEOFAIRHEATER
USESEXTENDEDSURFACE,NORMALLY REFERREDTOASFINS,TO
REDUCETHEOVERALLSIZEOFTHISAIRPREHEATER.
ITISGENERALLY LOCATEDINTHEDUCTBETWEENTHEFDFAN
ANDTHEMAINAIRHEATER.INTHOSEAREASTHATHAVE
EXTREMELYLOWAMBIENTAIRTEMPERATURES ,ITISCOMMON TO
HAVETHISAHEADOFTHEFDFANTHATCOULDPREHEATCOLD
WINTERAIRUPTOABOUT40DEGREESF.
60

61. 61

62. 62

63. 63

64. FOLLOWING THREE TYPES OF SOOT BLOWERS, IN REQUISITE
NUMBERS, ARE PROVIDED :
1.LONG RETRACTABLE SOOT BLOWERS
2.WATER WALL SOOT BLOWER
3.AIR PREHEATER SOOT BLOWER
SUPERHEATED STEAM IS TAPPED FROM SUPERHEATER FOR THE
PURPOSE OF SOOT BLOWING.
THE PRESSURE IS REDUCED TO 31 kg/cm
2
AT 330
0
C BY MEANS OF
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE.
THE SOOT BLOWERS ARE USED FOR EFFICIENT ON -LOAD CLEANING
OF FURNACE, SUPERHEATERS, REHEATERS AND REGENERATIVE AIR
HEATERS.
64

65. REDUCED EFFICIENCY
SOOTDEPOSITEDONTHEHEATINGSURFACESOFABOILERACTSAS
AHEATINSULATOR.THERESULTISTHATLESSHEATIS
TRANSFERRED TOTHEWATERTORAISESTEAMANDMOREHEATIS
WASTEDTHROUGH THECHIMNEY.THISLEADSTOHIGHERFUEL
CONSUMPTION AND/ORPOORSTEAMING.
SOOTFIRES
ASOOTFIRECANBEDAMAGING TOABOILERBECAUSEITCAN
CAUSELOCALIZEDHOTSPOTSTOOCCURINTHETUBES.THESEHOT
SPOTSMAYREACHTEMPERATURES THATWEAKENTHEMATERIALS
OFTHETUBES.
SOOTBLOWERSREDUCETHERISKOFSOOTFIRESANDTHEIR
RESULTINGDAMAGE.
65

66. ASOOTBLOWERISASYSTEMFORREMOVING THESOOT
THATISDEPOSITEDONTHEFURNACETUBESOFABOILER
DURINGCOMBUSTION .
VARIOUSTYPESOFSOOTBLOWERSSUCHASWALLBLOWERS,
LONGRETRACTABLE BLOWERS ANDAIRHEATERBLOWERS
AREUSEDFORTHECLEANING.
STEAMISNORMALLY USEDASAMEDIUM FORBLOWING
AWAYTHESOOT.
66

67. ASOOTBLOWERMAYBEOPERATEDMANUALLY ORBYA
REMOTELYCONTROLLED MOTOR.
THESOOT,WHICH ISREMOVED FROMTHEHEATING
SURFACES,WILLBEBLOWNOUTWITHTHEFLUEGASES.
IFTHEBOILERISEQUIPPEDWITHADUSTCOLLECTOR,IT
WILLTRAPTHESOOT.OTHERWISE, THESOOTWILLBE
EJECTEDINTOTHEOUTSIDEAIRTHROUGH THECHIMNEY
STACK.
67

68. STEAM GENERATING PLANTS ARECLEANED ON-LINEBY
REGULARLY REMOVING ASHDEPOSITSTHATACCUMULATE ON
HEATTRANSFERSURFACES.
THISMAINTAINSMAXIMUM THERMALEFFICIENCYOFTHEBOILER
(OPTIMIZES HEAT RATE) AND MAINTAINS FLUE GAS
TEMPERATURES WITHINDESIGNCONDITIONS ATKEYLOCATION.
THIS,INTURN,SUPPORTS THEOPTIMUM OPERATION OFAIR
POLLUTIONCONTROLEQUIPMENT.
ON-LINECLEANING ALSOPREVENTS THEBLOCKAGE AND
PLUGGINGOFGASPASSAGESINTHEBOILER.
68

69. 69

70. 70

71. THEAPPLICATION OFSOOTBLOWERS ISINDIVIDUALFOREACH
BOILER.INGENERAL,SOOTBLOWERS AREUSEDFORCLEANING
SUPERHEATER, REHEATERANDECONOMIZER.
THEREARESEVERAL TYPESOFSOOTBLOWERS LIKEFULL
RETRACTABLE,HALFRETRACTABLE,OSCILLATINGANDRAKETYPE
OFSOOTBLOWERS.
THEDESIGNANDLAYOUTOFSOOTBLOWERSISINDIVIDUALAND
SPECIFICTOMEETTHEINSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS LIKEFLUE
GASTEMPERATURE, CLEANINGEFFECT,CLEANINGAREA,ETC.
INTELLIGENT SOOTBLOWING ENABLESTOUSETHECLEANING
FORCEOFTHESOOTBLOWERS SELECTIVELY ANDTARGETTED
ACCORDING TOTHEDEMANDOFTHESTEAMGENERATOR.
71

72. 72

73. 73

74. 74

75. 75

76. LOCATION
HEADER
(Kg/cm2)
TYPE QTY./BOILER MEDIUM
FURNACE 30
WALL
BLOWERS
RWSE
56
SUPER
HEATED
STEAM
PLATEN,
CONVENTION
SUPER
HEATER & RE-
HEATER
30
LONG
RETRACTAB
LE
20
SUPER
HEATED
AIR HEATER 30 SWIVELING 2
SUPER
HEATED
STEAM
76

77. 77