Air water-sound-and-Land-pollution and its remedial approach

Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil/Land, Sound which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.

1. Air, W ater , Land and Noise P ollution and Its R emedial A pproach

2. What is Environmental Pollution ? Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical , chemical , or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil/Land, Sound which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property. Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms Pollutant : Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.

3. Types of Environmental Pollution Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Land Pollution Radio Active Pollution 5 Types-

4. Air Pollution Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms , or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere .

5. Causes of Air Pollution- Major Pollutants : -Sulfur oxides ( SOx ) -Nitrogen oxides (NOx ) -Carbon monoxide (CO ) -Volatile organic compounds (VOC ) -Particulate Matter (PM ) -Toxic metals such as Lead/Mercury -Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs ) -Ammonia (NH3 ) - Odours — such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes -Radioactive pollutant -Ground level ozone (O3) etc.

6. Causes of Air Pollution- Major S ources: - Industries -Automobiles and Domestic fuels -High Proportion of undesirable gases , such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide -Dust (e.g. cement dust, foundry dust and windblown solid dust ) -Mist. -Smoke. -Carbon black . -Aerosols .

7. Air Pollution Scenario Around the Globe

8. Air Pollution Scenario Around the Globe

9. Air Pollution Scenario Around the Globe

10. Human health- Various Respiratory Diseases.  Animals-  Plants- The atmosphere as a whole- Climate change, Chemical imbalance. Global warming- Accelerated by green house effect. Ozone depletion(Ozone hole). Acid Rain . Effects of Air Pollution-

11. Use natural Gases, like LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) autos. Do not Burst Crackers. Use less Amount of Fuel for Vehicles .  Avoid using and use electric stoves (bio gas). Common Remedial of Air Pollution-

12. Water Pollution Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use.

13. Sources of Water Pollution- - Point Sources: Contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source , such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain . - Non Point Sources: Refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source . A common example is the leaching out of nitrogen compounds from fertilized agricultural lands. Nutrient runoff in storm water from "sheet flow" over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of NPS pollution.

14. Sources of Water Pollution- Point vs Non Point Sources

15. Types of Water Pollution- Surface water pollution > found on the exterior of the Earth's crust, oceans, rivers and lakes Groundwater Pollution >found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers Microbiological pollution >microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that can cause illness to land animals and humans Oxygen Depletion pollution >microorganisms that in water an feeds on biodegradable substances

16. Causes of Water Pollution- Marine Dumping Industrial Waste Sewage , mainly from households Nuclear waste Oil pollution Underground storage leaks Plastic Alien Species Organic & Inorganic pollutants Agricultural Waste

17. Causes of Water Pollution- Fig. 20-11, p. 542 Polluted air Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides and fertilizers Deicing road salt Coal strip mine runoff Buried gasoline and solvent tanks Pumping well Gasoline station Cesspool, septic tank Waste lagoon Sewer Water pumping well Landfill Leakage from faulty casing Accidental spills Discharge Groundwater flow Unconfined freshwater aquifer Confined freshwater aquifer Confined aquifer

18. Effects of Water Pollution-

19. How to Measure Water Quality- Good 8–9 Water Quality DO (ppm) at 20°C Slightly polluted 6.7–8 Moderately polluted 4.5–6.7 Heavily polluted 4–4.5 Gravely polluted Below 4 Water quality as measured by dissolved oxygen (DO) content in parts per million (ppm) at 20 °C (68 °F). Only a few fish species can survive in water with less than 4 ppm of dissolved oxygen at this temperature. Some warmer water species have evolved ways to tolerate low DO levels better than cold water species can. Question: Would you expect the dissolved oxygen content of polluted water to increase or decrease if the water is heated? Explain.

20. Water Quality Around the World-

21. How to Control Water Pollution- Sewage Treatment Industrial Wastewater Treatment Agriculture Wastewater treatment Use less plastic and don’t litter Enforce existing loss Use organic farming technique

22. Noise Pollution Sound that is unwanted or disrupts one’s quality of life is called as noise. When there is lot of noise in the environment, it is termed as noise pollution. Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal activities such as working, sleeping, and during conversations. It is an underrated environmental problem because of the fact that we can’t see, smell, or taste it. World Health Organization stated that “Noise must be recognized as a major threat to human well-being”

23. Transportation systems are the main source of noise pollution in urban areas. Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot of noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers. Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state of noise pollution. Loud speakers , plumbing , boilers , generators , air conditioners , fans , and vacuum cleaners add to the existing noise pollution. Sources of Noise Pollution-

24. Effects of Noise Pollution- Hearing Loss High Blood Pressure Stress Insomnia Labored breathing Altered brain chemistry Permanent damage in voice Sleep Disturbance Color Blindness

25. Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is an effective solution for noise pollution. Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can effectively reduce the noise pollution. Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing material for the walls, windows, and ceilings. Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection. Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places. Factories and industries should be located far from the residential areas . Community development or urban management should be done with long-term planning , along with an aim to reduce noise pollution. Solution to Noise Pollution-

26. Land Pollution Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources . It occurs when waste is not disposed properly .

27. Causes of Land Pollution- We can classify major sources in the following Categories: •Mining, Erosion and quarrying. •Household Garbage. •Urbanization and Concentration of Population. •Municipal Solid Waste. •Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste. •Uncontrolled Land Treatment. •Burning open dumps and forest fires. •Deforestation.

28. Causes of Land Pollution-

29. •More and more land should be brought under farming. •Trees should be planted everywhere. •Waste matter should be disposed immediately. •Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water. •Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides. •Integrated Solid Waste Management. •Good agricultural practices. •Remediation of polluted soils. •Prevention of erosion and silting. •Containment of hazardous waste and waste water treatment using land treatment techniques Common Remedial of Land Pollution-