Airport Planning and Design

Institute:- Agragami college
Name:- Amal Tom
Class:- 4th Semester BBA Aviation.
Roll No:- G1811009 OR 09
Subject:- Aviation
Topic:- Airport Planning.and Design


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1.   Making every journey better.      The fastest way.                                             Heathrow Airport 1 Aviation Assignment No:1 AIRPORT : Planning and Design. Made and Presented By:- Amal Tom Month: JUNE 2020

2. 2 • Before going to the Topic let's talk about some basics: 1. what is an Airport? An Airport is a complex of runways and buildings for the take-off, landing, and maintenance of civil aircraft, with facilities for passengers and it is also a facility where passengers connect from ground transportation to air transportation.   2. what is an Airfield? Airfield is an area where an aircraft can land and take off, which may or may not be equipped with any navigational aids or markings. 3. what is an airport planning? Airport planning  is a systematic process used to establish guidelines for the efficient development of  airports  that is consistent with local , state and national goals . A key objective of  airport planning   is to assure the effective use of  airport  resources in order to satisfy  aviation  demand in a financially feasible. 4. what is an Air transportation? The movement of passengers and cargo by aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters.  Air transportation has become the primary means of common-carrier traveling.   Air transportation also provides a communication or medical link, which is sometimes vital, between the different groups of people being served. BASIC INTRODUCTION:

3. INTRODUCTION TO AIRPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN: General:- General Airport planning is a systematic process used to establish guidelines for the efficient development of airports that is consistent with local, state and national goals. A key objective of airport planning is to assure the effective use of airport resources in order to satisfy aviation demand in a financially feasible manner. Airport planning may be as broad based as the national system plan or more centrally focused as an airport master plan for a specific airport.  The primary types of airport planning may basically be classified as follows:   National System Planning (NPIAS)  State Airport System Planning (SASP)  Metropolitan Airport System Planning  Airport Master Planning  3

4. 4 Master Plan:- For an individual airport, owners more closely identify with the airport master plan for their airport. An airport master plan represents the airport’s blueprint for long-term development. A few of the goals of a master plan are:   • To validate the plan technically and procedurally through investigation of concepts and alternatives on technical, economic and environmental grounds.  • To establish a framework for a continuous planning process. • To provide a graphic representation of existing airport features, future airport development and anticipated land use.  • To identify a realistic financial plan to support the development  • To prepare and present a plan to the public that adequately addresses all relevant issues and satisfies local, state and federal regulations.  • To establish a realistic schedule for implementation of the proposed development 

5. AIRPORT MASTER PLAN 5 Definition :- 1. Concept of the ultimate development of a specific airport, graphically presented with written report to effectively convey the research and logic from which the plan was evolved (ICAO Manual). 2.Long‐term development concept of an airport; an embodiment of the airport’s strategic framework and concept depicted graphically and documents the data and logic upon which the plan is based. 3. Guidelines for future airport development to satisfy aviation demands in a financially feasible manner, while addressing aviation, environmental and socioeconomic issues in the local community . Features of Airport Master plan:- Establishing short and long range policy/decision. Developing physical facilities of an airport – aviation non‐aviation. Developing land uses surrounding airport. Determining environmental effects of airport construction and operation. Establishing access requirements of the airport.  Identifying potential problems as well as opportunities. Securing financial aid. Establishing basis for negotiations of interests and needs among aerodrome authority, businesses and community.

6. 6 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDER WHILE PLANNING TO BUILD AN AIRPORT:- 1. Physical Factors Development of surrounding area  Ground accessibility Presence of other airports  Regional plan  Surrounding obstructions Use of airport Availability of aircrafts and airlines Economy of construction Size, weight, speed and thrust of an aircraft 2. Environmental Factors Topography Soil condition Drainage Meteorological and atmospheric condition Visibility  Wind Air and Water Pollution Residential or sensitive area Availability of land for expansion Availability of utilities AS PLANNING FOR BUILDING AN AIRPORT THERE ARE CERTAIN IMAPORTANT FACTORS TO BE CONCIDERED. SO I DIVIDED THESE FACTORS IN FOUR SECTION FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING:- Approval from the government Approval from DGCA Approval from AAI Approval from meteorological department Approval from regional authorities. 3. Legal Factors ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER ADD A FOOTER 4. Financial Factors Availability of high budget Availability of investors. Availability of more than sufficient funds. Cost of maintenance Cost of development Revenues

7. AIRPORT DESIGNING     Airport projects are involved with many considerations and issues hence they are highly collaborative. Designing of airport is taken up by architectural firms. The architects work in collaboration with civil engineers to come up with the Airport Layout Plans. The experts come up with master plans which is referred to for further developments. To plan an airport, the AAI is concerned for three approvals − 1.Technical Approvals Review and approve Airport Layout Plan (ALP). Review and acceptance of forecast. Airspace and procedure changes. Land acquisition. 2.Financial Approvals Funding for the airport is approved once the project gets clearance for safety, security, capacity, and airport access systems. 3.Environmental Approvals Review and assess environmental issues. Find out solutions to address the environmental problems. 7 Planning an Airport Airport planning is vital to understand problems and potential environmental issues. Out of the reactive and proactive planning methods, an appropriate planning method is selected depending upon the requirement.

8. AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT 8 It includes the development of the land to build the terminals and base, and building the infrastructure for the ancillary facilities. All the infrastructural development is done in accordance with the ICAO standards . Airports need to have the infrastructure in place to provide efficient operations in line with safety and security, allow aircraft to operate efficiently, minimize inconvenience for passengers, and provide fast and reliable baggage systems. As air traffic continues to grow, airports need to ensure that each system is flexible enough to accommodate future requirements.

9. 9 FACTORS AFFECTING AIRPORT OPERATING CAPACITY Characteristics of the aircrafts using the airports. Sizes and number of gates used in the apron area . Number and location of the taxiways, configuration and runway exits. Availability and structure of the air-space for the purpose of arrival and departure routes. Nature and existence of the navigational aids. Noise abatement procedure. Runway occupancy time for operation of arrival and departure of aircraft. weather conditions and wind conditions Techniques used by the controller to operate the runway system Frequency and existence of occurrence of wake vortices. Number of arrival with respect to the number of departure.

10. AIRPORT TERMINAL PLANNING 10 The following criteria need to be considered while planning and designing a terminal. Passenger flow and traffic peaking. Minimum walking distance. Level of service for passengers and sophistication. Performance standards. Area for Retailers: Duty free shops, food joints, and spas. Area for Facility points such as Restrooms, ATM machines, and kiosks. Easy access to retail area and facility points. Compatibility of facilities with aircraft characteristics. Ability to handle changes in technology and automation. Expandability for future growth. Area and processing time for checking-in, immigration/customs clearance, baggage security screening, and baggage delivery.

11. TERMINAL CONFIGURATION 11 1. Standard Linear 2. Curvilinear 3. Concourse 4. Pier 5. Star pier 6. Satellite While talking about the airport terminal configuration there are basically 6 types:-

12. The following table provides a few examples of airports designed on the basis of the given layouts − 12  Layout          Airport 1. Standard Linear Detroit Metropolitain (DTW) 2. Curvilinear Munich (MUC) 3. Pier Amsterdam (AMS), Chitose Airport Japan (CTS), Los Angeles (LAX). 4. Concourse Atlanta International Airport (ATL), Al Maktoum International Airport Dubai (DWC), O’Hare International Airport Chicago (ORD) 5. Star Pier Geneva Airport Switzerland (GVA), Orlando International Airport, Florida (MCO). 1 2 3 4 5

13. 13 Conclusion. Plannig for an airport is not an easy task. It requires a lot of or end no. Of efforts to establish a successful international or domestic airport. Before going to build an airport there are obviously many thinks that we should keep in mind as we discussed earlier. According to me planning and building an airport is one of the toughest job a man can do as it's not really easy. I remember a phrase in English that will really suit in this topic i.e. 'It is Easier Said than Done'. After going through this topic I really understood and hope you may as well that its really complicated.  The primary think that you really want before even thinking of an airport is a lot of mony to invest and as well as political support and power.  If you fulfill both the primary objectives you are ready to move ahead with you idea or plan for establishing a successful airport.  Hereby I conclude and putting an end to this topic.

14. THANK YOU! . . . 14 “Good judgment comes from experience. Unfortunately, the experience usually comes from bad judgment.” #stay calm #stay strong Amal Tom