Airport terminal planning and design

Name: Firoz Mahmud Laskar
Roll no: G1811012
Subject: Principles of Airlines and Airport Management.
Topic: Airport Terminal

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1. Principles of airlines & airport management Submitted By:- FIROZ MD LASKAR Reg No:- G1811012

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS TERMINAL PLANNING TERMINAL DESIGN TERMINAL OPERATION

3. WHAT IS A TERMINAL? An airport terminal is a building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that allow them to board and disembark from an aircraft. Within the terminal, passengers purchase tickets, transfer their luggage, and go through security. The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are typically called concourses . However, the terms "terminal" and "concourse" are sometimes used interchangeably, depending on the configuration of the airport.

4. TERMINAL PLANNING The ever-evolving airport and aviation industry requires today’s airport terminal buildings to be planned and constructed in ways that safeguard flexibility for future modification at the least expense, while also responding to variations in demand and/or the changing needs of passengers , airlines, and aircraft. To help achieve these objectives for the airport and its operators , the planning itself needs to be flexible, balanced, and visionary. Maintaining a broad and balanced view of the planning process is the key to terminal planning that is functional today and flexible for the future .

5. The terminal planning process should acknowledge the key functional and operational drivers, including business considerations that affect the airport and its operators, as well as the local community . These drivers include the following: • Concessions planning, which aims to provide interesting and pleasing offerings to passengers, well-wishers , and meters / greeters and revenue generation for the airport. • Security planning to respond both to specific threat and vulnerability levels, as well as the routine screening process of passengers and baggage. • People mover and baggage handling systems. • The wide range of information technology–based systems that underpin overall management and maintenance of the building, and through which essential information and data is disseminated to passengers and staff. • The application of sustainability and demand management concepts.

6. The primary elements to consider when dealing with the terminal building component of the terminal complex include the following Programmatic parameters – LOS performance standards – Demand/capacity assessment Terminal facility requirements – Ticketing/check-in – Passenger screening – Hold rooms

7. – Concessions – Baggage claim – Circulation – Airline offices and operations areas – Baggage handling – Baggage screening system – International facilities — Federal Inspection Services – Support areas – Special requirements – Building systems

8. Functional relationships Flow sequences – Passengers – Visitors – Employees – Baggage – Deliveries – Waste removal

9. Passenger movements – People mover systems – Passenger wayfinding and signage Terminal concept development – Domestic and international terminals – Concourse configurations – Centralized and decentralized terminals – Single vs. multi-level terminals – Flexibility and efficiency – Common-use terminal equipment – Swing gates

10. TERMINAL DESIGN Due to the rapid rise in popularity of passenger flight, many early terminals were built in the 1930s–1940s and reflected the popular art deco style architecture of the time. One such surviving example from 1940 is the Houston Municipal Airport Terminal. Early airport terminals opened directly onto the tarmac: passengers would walk or take a bus to their aircraft. This design is still common among smaller airports, and even many larger airports have "bus gates" to accommodate aircraft beyond the main terminal.

11. TYPES OF TERMINAL DESIGN PIER TERMINAL A pier design uses a small, narrow building with aircraft parked on both sides. One end connects to a ticketing and baggage claim area. Piers offer high aircraft capacity and simplicity of design, but often result in a long distance from the check-in counter to the gate (up to half a mile in the cases of Kansai International Airport or Lisbon Portela Airport's Terminal . Most large international airports have piers.

12. SATELLITE TERMINALS A satellite terminal is a building detached from other airport buildings, so that aircraft can park around its entire circumference. The first airport to use a satellite terminal was London Gatwick Airport. It used an underground pedestrian tunnel to connect the satellite to the main terminal. This was also the first setup at Los Angeles International Airport, but it has since been converted to a pier layout. The first airport to use an automatic people mover to connect the main terminal with a satellite was Tampa International Airport, which is the standard today.

13. Check-in counters at Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore , India

14. SEMICIRCULAR TERMINALS Some airports use a semi-circular terminal, with aircraft parked on one side and cars on the other. This design results in long walks for connecting passengers, but greatly reduces travel times between check-in and the aircraft. Airports designed around this model include Charles de Gaulle Airport (terminal 2), Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai (old terminal 2), Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Seoul's Incheon International Airport, Jakarta's Soekarno -Hatta International Airport (terminal 1 & 2),

15. Semi-circular Aerial view of Terminal 1 and 2 of Jakarta- Soekarno -Hatta Airport

16. TERMINAL OPERATION Airport operations encompass all of the processes involved in an airport to ensure your experience runs as smoothly as possible. This includes airport customer service, TSA, gateway operators, and more. Given the often busy nature of airports, proper operations are integral to ensure the thousands of people that flock in and out of its walls make it to their destinations safely. Like many fields, airport operations is a very diverse industry with a plethora of opportunities to be explored. There are four main segments of airport operations.

17. TYPES OF AIRPORT OPERATIONS Within an airport, there are generally four divisions: Landside operations Airside operations Billing and invoicing Information management