airport terminal structural analysis usi

staadpro analysis on airport terminal

1. Optimize the airport terminal roof structure using computer simulation

2. Abstract The roof design of an airport terminal is a complex process that combines structural integrity, aesthetics, and utility. An airport terminal's roof is an essential architectural component that gives protection, establishes the terminal's character, and enhances the traveller experience . Parabolic hyperboloid shells are a very effective structural shape that can adapt to a variety of load patterns, which makes them the perfect option for airport terminal roofing. The present study investigates hyperboloid steel lattice grids with three different span lengths (18, 50, and 100 metres ), evaluating six different rise-to-span ratios. Graphical analysis of the stress fluctuations related to these ratios shows that the lattice grids' stress levels stay within allowable bounds. In order to determine the natural time period that prevents resonance during seismic events, the research also includes a free vibration analysis. These results provide important insights regarding structural dynamics in hyperboloid steel lattice grids, including patterns of stress distribution and resonance avoidance techniques.

3. Introduction The roof of an airport terminal is a big architectural project that affects how the building works, looks, and feels. Using a curved roof design can make the building look good and work well . This design helps with things like draining rainwater and letting in natural light, which makes the inside feel open and bright for passengers .

4. Hyperbolic roof Building a special and helpful structure like the hyperbolic parabolic roof for an airport terminal needs imaginative architectural planning and careful engineering work. The curves and precise measurements of this roof shape come together to make a design that looks interesting and works well too.

5. Hyperbolic roof Advantages Efficient drainage of rainfall Diffusion of natural light Enhanced aesthetics and architectural appeal Creation of a spacious and well-lit interior

6. Aim and Objectives Aim Creating an airport terminal's steel-based roofing structure involves a meticulous process that combines long-lasting materials and maximises structural arrangements. Objectives Select the space for terminal construction. Select the software for solve the hyperbolic roof. Analysis the hyperbolic roof with height tto length ratio. Find the optimum size of roof structure.

7. Literature review Hyperbolic roofs offer unique and visually striking architectural forms that enhance the overall aesthetic appeal of buildings. Their graceful curves create an iconic and memorable architectural presence. According to Schodek et al. (2014), hyperbolic forms have been utilized in iconic structures such as the Sydney Opera House, showcasing their aesthetic versatility and appeal.

8. Literature review The geometric properties of hyperbolic roofs allow for efficient distribution of loads, resulting in structurally efficient designs with reduced material usage. In their study, Kim et al. (2017) demonstrated the structural efficiency of hyperbolic roof structures through finite element analysis, highlighting their potential for lightweight construction and material optimization.

9. Literature review The curved geometry of hyperbolic roofs facilitates the diffusion of natural light, creating well-lit and inviting interior spaces. Research by Lee et al. (2019) emphasized the positive impact of natural light on occupant comfort and productivity in buildings with hyperbolic roof structures.

10. Methodology This study investigates square hypar models that are made in three different sizes—18, 50, and 100 meters—using straight-line generators. This scale of hyper model has not been explored in previous research, therefore it is a natural candidate for simulating computers using the finite element approach.

11. Methodology Important design factors that this study programme will investigate are as follows: Size effects increase to 100 metres in plan size. Effects resulting from changes regarding the rise-to-span ratio, which affect the models' apparent curvature. Alterations in the lattice bars' alignment. Changes in the edge beam's flexural rigidity, a recognised important factor. Effects brought about by unequal loading. Consequences of artificially created flaws in the lattice structure. Differences in the way the corners along with edge beams are supported.

12. Geometrical parameter Dimension Structure type Lattice grid material Cold formed steel Cross section Circular hallow 3inch pipe(Indian standards) Span length 50 m Height to span length ratios 0.05, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2 and 0.33 Lattice grid along X direction 50 Lattice grid along Y direction 50 Structure shape Paraboloid Shell Geometric properties of a hyperboloid shell with a 50 and 100 m span Geometrical parameter Dimension Structure type Lattice grid material Cold formed steel Cross section Circular hallow 3inch pipe(Indian standards) Span length 100 m Height to span length ratios 0.05, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2 and 0.33 Lattice grid along X direction 100 Lattice grid along Y direction 100 Structure shape Paraboloid Shell

13. Flow chart of project

14. Methodology supports assigning. Geometry model Pressure applied Deformed shape of steel lattice grid.

15. Results for 18 m SPAN LATTICE GRID H/L Buckling factor Applied load KN Critical load KN Normalized Factor 0.05 3.01 3 9.03 1 0.08 3.45 3 10.35 1.146 0.12 4.43 3 13.29 1.471 0.16 5.5 3 16.5 1.827 0.2 6.57 3 19.71 2.182 0.33 9.56 3 28.68 3.176

16. Results for 50 m SPAN LATTICE GRID H/L Buckling factor Applied load KN Critical load KN Normalized Factor 0.05 3.08 3 9.24 1 0.08 4.14 3 12.42 1.344 0.12 5.8 3 17.4 1.883 0.16 7.53 3 22.59 2.448 0.2 9.22 3 27.66 2.99 0.33 14.03 3 42.09 4.555

17. Results for 100 m SPAN LATTICE GRID H/L Buckling factor Applied load KN Critical load KN Normalized Factor 0.05 3.74 3 11.22 1 0.08 5.06 3 15.18 1.352 0.12 7.14 3 21.42 1.909 0.16 9.3 3 27.9 2.486 0.2 11.42 3 34.26 3.053 0.33 13.91 3 41.73 3.719

18. NATURAL PERIOD RESULTS FROM 18 M SPAN LATTICE SHELL

19. NATURAL FREQUENCY RESULTS FROM 50 M SPAN LATTICE SHELL

20. NATURAL PERIOD RESULTS FROM 100 M SPAN LATTICE SHELL

21. CONCLUSION The primary goal of the study was to determine which of the five height ratios—0.05, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.2, 0.33—would yield the best critical load for the hyperboloid lattice grid when it was eventually fabricated out of steel . In order to do this, a steel lattice grid model was built using SAP 2000. Buckling analysis was then completed in SAP, and free vibration analysis was then completed. The analysis has led to the following conclusions: it is clear from the findings that, for each of the five height ratios, the critical load within the structures is within allowable bounds given the geometry, boundary conditions, and load. The design appears to be safe for each of the 5 height ratios because the highest critical load that was observed was more than the load that was applied . The critical load likewise rises as the HTS ratio does. It was the same for all lattice structure span lengths. If the span height in an 18-meter span rises from 0.05 to 0.3, the critical load increases by 3.17 times . If the span height in a 50 m span rises from 0.05 to 0.3, the critical load increases by 4.5 times. If the span height in a 100 m span rises from 0.05 to 0.3, the critical load increases by 3.77 times . It is always preferable for structures to avoid resonance by using their maximum natural frequency.Hyperboloid structure with a span of 18 metres and maximum natural frequencies. Therefore, compared to reaming, a 50 m span hyperboloid lattice steel construction is a better structure . It can be applied to the development for turbine hyperboloid lattice steel frames in the future.

22. Future Scope By applying the following adjustments to the provided model, the deformation, stresses, and life can be examined: 1. It is possible to lessen the stresses by altering the steel parts of lattice structures. 2. The primary parameters to improve life and important elements are height and length.

23. REFERENCES 1) Castle, H. Editorial, Drawing Architecture, Architectural Design, 1(222), 2013, Wiley, London, p.5 2) Peters, B., Peters, T., Inside Smartgeometry : Expanding the Architectural Possibilities of Computational Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, Chichester , DOI: 10.1002/9781118653074 3) Waytt , L., T., The Industrial Revolution, Greenwood Press, 2009, Santa Barbara 4) Steiner, F. H., Iron Architecture, UMI Research Press, 1984, Michigan 5) Loyrette , H., Gustave Eiffel, Office du Livre , 1986, Paris 6) Sundaram , M., M., Ananthasuresh , G., K., Gustave Eiffel and his optimal structures, Resonance, 14, Springer, 2009, India 7) Kovelman , G. M., Works of Honorary Academician Engineer Vladimir Grogorevich Shukhov , State Press of literature about construction, architecture and materials, 1961, Moscow 8) Shukhova , E. M., Vladimir Grigorevich Shukhov : the first engineer of Russia, Bauman MGTY, 2003, Moscow