ALADENUYI OLUWARIMI AYOKUNMI GUT MICROBES

A master class presentation ofn Gut Microbia

1. BIOCHEMISTRY OF GUT MICROBIOME AND ITS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS MASTERS SEMINAR PRESENTATION ALADENUYI OLUWARIMI AYOKUMI BCH/17/4243 DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY

2. INTRODUCTION Gut microbiome = trillions of microorganisms in GI tract. Plays crucial roles in metabolism, immunity, and health. Biotechnology exploits gut microbes for medicine, nutrition, and industry.

3. COMPOSITION OF GUT MICROBIOME The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, but also including fungi, viruses, and archaea. Major phyla: Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria , Proteobacteria . Key genera: Bacteroides , Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium , Clostridium, Ruminococcus . Diversity = essential for health.

4. BIOCHEMICAL ROLES – CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Microbial enzymes digest fibers → SCFAs. SCFAs: acetate, propionate, butyrate. Functions: energy ( colonocytes ), gluconeogenesis, epigenetic regulation.

5. BIOCHEMICAL ROLES – PROTEINS & LIPIDS Protein catabolism: amino acids → indoles, amines (beneficial & harmful metabolites). Lipid metabolism: bile salt hydrolases modify bile acids. Conjugated linoleic acids = anti-inflammatory.

6. BIOCHEMICAL ROLES – VITAMINS & IMMUNITY Vitamin synthesis: B12, folate, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin K. Immunomodulation: SCFAs regulate T-cells, maintain mucosal barrier.

7. MECHANISM OF METABOLIC HOST MICROBIOME

8. KEY BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS Fermentation: fiber → SCFAs via acetyl-CoA. Amino acid catabolism: tryptophan → indole derivatives. Bile acid metabolism: primary → secondary bile acids. Methanogenesis : archaea convert H₂ + CO₂ → CH₄.

9. FERMENTATION: FIBER → SCFAS VIA ACETYL-CoA .

10. AMINO ACID CATABOLISM: TRYPTOPHAN → INDOLE DERIVATIVES.

11. BILE ACID METABOLISM: PRIMARY → SECONDARY BILE ACIDS.

12. METHANOGENESIS: ARCHAEA CONVERT H₂ + CO₂ → CH₄.

13. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS I Probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium ). Prebiotics (inulin, FOS, GOS ). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

14. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS II Metabolic engineering: microbes produce therapeutic molecules. Drug metabolism: microbes activate/inactivate drugs. Synthetic biology: engineered bacteria as biosensors.

15. GUT MICROBIOME AND DISEASE Dysbiosis linked to: - Obesity & diabetes. - Inflammatory bowel disease. - Colon cancer. Therapeutic biotech restores balance.

16. CONCLUSION Gut microbiome = biochemical organ. Produces SCFAs, vitamins, bile acid derivatives. Biotech applications: probiotics, engineered microbes, drug modulation. Future: precision microbiome engineering.

17. SUMMARY Gut microbiome = metabolic powerhouse. Key roles: metabolism, immunity, health. Biotech uses: probiotics, fmt , synthetic biology. Clinical impact: metabolic diseases, cancer, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)