Albert Einstein Theory �E=MC2 Interpretation

Albert Einstein Theory �E=MC2 Interpretation

1. By B.B.S.Kumar Research Scholar, Jain University, Assistant Professor, ECE Dept., RRCE , Bengaluru, India [email protected] Albert Einstein Theory E= MC 2 Interpretation Faculty Development Program Presentation o n

2. Presentation Overview The Birth Education The Theory of Light Einstein Field Equations Theory of Relativity E=MC² The Brownian Motion The Photoelectric Effect Nobel Prize Atomic Bomb Scientist Conflict & Research Einstein was Offered the Presidency of Israel Time Magazine Albert Einstein Famous Quotes Albert Einstein Death 12/17/2014 2 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India

3. The Birth 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 3 Albert Einstein is born to Hermann Einstein a salesman and engineer and his wife Pauline in Ulm, Germany, 14 march 1879. Residences Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and USA. Ethnicity Ashkenazi Jewish

4. Education 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 4 Albert Einstein attended a Catholic School. Although Einstein had early speech difficulties (he often said he used to repeat his own sentences), he was a top student in elementary school. Einstein family moved to Italy, Einstein had been left behind to finish high school, but he withdrew to join his family . Rather than completing high school, Einstein decided to apply directly to the ETH Zurich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich which he did not get into . His family sent him away to finish secondary school. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

5. The Theory of Light 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 5 Before Einstein no one really understood how light really worked. It was a wave, particles, quanta…… no one really new. Light did not follow Newtonians physics. In 1905 Einstein put out a paper that declared light, travels as both a wave and as particles called quanta, mostly because it has to. In 1911, he finally gets a job as a Professor of Physics at the German University.

6. Contd …… 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 6

7. Einstein Field Equations 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 7 The Einstein field equations are a set of ten equations in Einstein's theory of general relativity in which the fundamental force of gravitation is described as a curved space time caused by matter and energy. They were first published in 1915. The Einstein field equations are used to determine the curvature of space time resulting from the presence of mass and energy. That is, they determine the metric tensor of space time for a given arrangement of stress-energy in the space time.

8. Theory of Relativity 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru , India 8 First Part: Special Relativity Special relativity is based on two postulates : The laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion relative to one another The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the source of the light. The resultant theory has many surprising consequences. Some of these are: Time dilation: Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an observer's "stationary" clock. Length contraction: Objects are measured to be shortened in the direction that they are moving with respect to the observer. Relativity of simultaneity: Two events that are simultaneous to an observer A may not be simultaneous to an observer B if B is moving

9. Contd …… 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 9 General Relativity Which primarily applies to particles as they accelerate, particularly due to gravitation, and acts as a radical revision of Newton’s theory, predicting important new results for fast-moving and/or very massive bodies. Some of the consequences of general relativity are: Time goes more slowly in higher gravitational fields. This is called gravitational time dilation. Orbits process in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of gravity. (This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary pulsars). Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field. Frame-dragging, in which a rotating mass "drags along" the space time around it.

10. E=MC² 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 10 Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. Formula was derived due to Einstein's realization of how closely energy and a mass of a body is connected. This formula suggests that tiny amounts of mass can be converted into huge amounts of energy.

11. E=mc 2 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 11 E = Energy, m = mass, c = Speed of light c= λ o /f, λ o = wave length, f = frequency Earth = Matter = Atoms = ((Neutrons + Protons) Electrons = Nucleus Physical Quantity = Electrical Signal = Random Signal =parameters(time, frequency, phase, magnitude) Vector & Scalar Quantity Orthogonal - Basis Function-1D, 2D…………. Electromagnetic Waves : travel near to speed of light

12. Contd …. 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 12 Know that the equation is simply about special relativity: mass can turn into energy and energy can turn into mass To find out how much energy an object has, multiply the mass of the object by the square of the speed of light : Pure energy is electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic radiation moves at the speed of light in a perfect vacuum Calculate the square of speed of light : kinetic energy= (1/2) x mass x velocity 2 The square of the speed of light is a very large figure: around 448,900,000,000,000,000 in units of mph; even a small chunk of matter can produce a large amount of energy.

13. The Brownian Motion 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 13 Brownian motion is the seemingly random movement of particles suspended in a liquid or gas or the mathematical model used to describe such random movements, often called a particle theory. Examined molecular action that supported the Atomic Theory.

14. The Photoelectric Effect 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 14 The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from matter after the absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays or visible light. Einstein hypothesized that the number of electrons released would not depend on that light's energy. Confirming his hypothesis through several experiments, Einstein won the Nobel Prize of 1921 for his works in his field.

15. Nobel Prize 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 15 Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics quantum theory of light, "Generation and Conversion of Light with Regard to a Heuristic Point of View," for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 was published. The paper dealt with the photoelectric effect and postulated that light sometimes acts like a stream of particles with discrete energies, or quanta.

16. Atomic Bomb 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 16 Einstein urging U.S. developing weapon. In August 1939, Roosevelt received the Einstein letter and authorized secret research into the harnessing of nuclear fission for military purposes. Einstein formula E=MC² was key in the United States developing the atomic bomb.

17. Scientist Conflict & Research 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 17 Newton & Einstein(Gravity) Neil Bohr & Einstein(Atomic Structure) Bosons & Einstein(Statistics Quantum) Higgs & Boson(God’s Particle)

18. Einstein was Offered the Presidency of Israel 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 18 After the death of the first president of Israel in 1952, the Israeli government decided to offer the post of second president to Einstein. He refused but found the offer an embarrassment since it was hard for him to refuse without causing offence.

19. Time Magazine 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 19 In 1999, Albert Einstein was named "Person of the Century" by Time magazine, a Gallup poll recorded him as the fourth most admired person of the 20th century and according to The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Einstein is "the greatest scientist of the twentieth century and one of the supreme intellects of all time."

20. Albert Einstein Famous Quotes 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 20 True religion is real living; living with all one's soul, with all one's goodness and righteousness. Things should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler. The truth of a theory is in your mind, not in your eyes. Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe. Only a life lived for others is a life worth while. If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play; and z is keeping your mouth shut. I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. If I had my life to live over again, I’d be a plumber. The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax. If you can't explain it simply you don't understand it well enough.

21. Albert Einstein Death 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India 21 On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an aortic aneurysm. He took a draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live long enough to complete it. He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76. Einstein's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered. Einstein's last words will never be known as he said them in German and the attending nurse could not speak German . Before the cremation, Princeton Hospital pathologist Thomas Stoltz Harvey removed Einstein's brain for preservation, without the permission of his family, in hope that the neuroscience of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent.

22. 12/17/2014 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru , India 22 “Good listener always good learner, have patience to get break through” Thank you! By B.B.S.Kumar