Algae its type and more (Micro-organism).pptx

Algae are simple, plant-like organisms found in aquatic environments, ranging from microscopic phytoplankton to large seaweeds. They perform photosynthesis, producing oxygen and forming the base of many ecosystems. Algae can be unicellular or multicellular and are classified into groups like green, red, and brown algae. Some are beneficial, used in food and biofuel production, while others, like harmful algal blooms, can negatively impact water quality.

1. ALGAE

2. INTRODUCTION The third group of microscopic aquatic plants are the algae. The algae differ from the fungi and bacteria in their ability to carry out photo- synthesis . The algae can utilize the energy in light and do not have to depend upon the oxidation of matter to survive. In fact, the algae evolve oxygen during their growth.

3. Classification of Algae Based on Smith’s classification in "Fresh Water Algae of the United States," algae are divided into seven divisions: Chlorophyta (Green Algae )

4. Pyrrhophyta (Greenish Tan to Golden Brown Algae)

5. Euglenophyta (Motile Green Algae)

6. Chrysophyta (Yellow-Green to Golden Brown Algae)

7. Cyanophyta (Blue-Green Algae)

8. Phaeophyta (Brown Algae, Marine)

9. Rhodophyta (Red Algae, Marine)

10. Characteristics Algae exist primarily in aquatic environments. Capable of photosynthesis, utilizing light energy to produce oxygen. Can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. Found in various habitats, including freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial environments. Some algae, like Euglenophyta , can thrive in nitrogen-rich media.

11. Observation Algae are primarily observed in liquid environments. Microscopic examination is challenging due to their transparency. The hanging-drop slide method is used for simple live observations. Sedgwick-Rafter counting cell is used for quantitative analysis. Preservation methods include formaldehyde and aldehyde-treated slides for long-term studies.

12. Source: https://biologynotesonline.com/hanging-drop-method/

13. Source: https://research.csiro.au/anaccmethods/phycological-techniques/biomass-estimation/sedgwick-rafter/

14. Metabolism Algae utilize inorganic compounds for photosynthesis. Carbon is obtained from CO₂; nitrogen from ammonium, nitrate, or nitrite. Essential nutrients include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, cobalt, and molybdenum. Photosynthesis in algae follows the equation: CO₂ + 2H₂O → (CH₂O) + O₂ Oxygen production by algae is crucial for aquatic ecosystems and wastewater treatment.

15. Importance Ecological Importance : Produces oxygen, serves as the base of aquatic food chains. Industrial Uses : Source of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Food Source : Used in sushi ( nori ), spirulina, and as a protein supplement. Wastewater Treatment : Absorbs heavy metals and removes pollutants.

16. Applications Biofuel Production : Algae-based biodiesel is a sustainable fuel alternative. Carbon Sequestration : Helps reduce CO₂ levels in the atmosphere. Bioplastics : Used in eco-friendly packaging materials. Medicine : Contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

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