ALISA PRINCIPLES OF GREATEST NUMBER.pptx

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1. PRINCIPLES OF GREATEST NUMBER AKIB MORAD, SITTI ALISA J.

2. This topic is not only consider on your own happiness, but it also consider the happiness of the greatest number of people.

3. UTILITARIANISM An act is good or morally right if it produces greatest happiness to the greatest number of people , and bad or immoral if it produces more harm or pain than happiness or benefits to the greatest number of people. This explains why a utilitarian would not care whether the action is done out of deception, lie, or manipulation as long as it produces maximum benefits to many people.

4. EXAMPLE If you’re deciding whether to tell a lie, a utilitarian would ask: “ Will this lie cause more happiness or more harm?” If the lie prevents someone from getting hurt and brings about more happiness overall, then it might be considered the right thing to do from a utilitarian perspective.

5. PRINCIPLE OF GREATEST NUMBER Equating happiness with pleasure does not aim to describe the utilitarian moral agent alone and independently from others . This is not only about our indivdual pleasure, regardless of how high, intellectual, but i t is also about the pleasure of the greatest number affected by the consequences of our actions.

6. EXAMPLE Imagine you have 10,000 to spend. You could either choose: OPTION A: Spend it all on yourself and buy something that makes you very happy. OPTION B: Spend it on buying small gifts for 10 friends, each whom would experience a little bit of happiness. A Utilitarian would choose “OPTION B“ because it spreads happiness among more people, even if each person only experiences a small amount of pleasure. The overall happiness or pleasure is greater because it affects more people, even if the individual amount of happiness is less intense.

7. PRINCIPLE OF GREATEST NUMBER Utilitarianism cannot lead to selfish acts. It is neither about our pleasure nor happiness alone, it is not dismissive of sacrifices that procure more happiness for others.

8. PRINCIPLE OF GREATEST NUMBER It is necessary for us to consider everyone’s happiness, including our own, as the standard by which to evaluate what is moral. Utilitarianism is interested with everyone’s happiness, in fact, the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Mill also emphasizes that the morality of an action should be judged by it’s outcomes, not by the intentions behind it.

9. PRINCIPLE OF GREATEST NUMBER Utilitarianism focuses on the best outcome for the most peope, not the agent’s intentions. Moral value is based solely on the impact on overall pleasure and pain. This raises the question: if the actions prioritize the greatest happiness for the majority, is it justifiable to sacrifice some rights for the benefit of the majority?

10. QUESTION In a remote village with limited medical resources, you work as a doctor. Three individuals need less antibiotics to survive, while one patient need all of the remaining antibiotics to fully recover. How would you decide to use the antibiotics to create the most happiness for everyone?