All about insects orders and their lives.docx

insect orders

1. Order Characteristics examples Spot id
INSECTS WITH WINGS PTERYGOTA
Coleoptera Tough beetles exoskeleton
• Forewings called Elytra
•Fly with membranous hindwings
•Larva called grubs
beetles •Chewing mouthparts
•Forewings (elytra) form hard
shell covering hindwings
Diptera One pair functional wings Green Bottle
fly
•Club-shaped for balance halteres
•Bodies often hairy
Flies,mosquitoes•Two wings
• Hind wings reduced to halteres
•Sponging-sucking mouthparts
• Except mosquitoes and some
others that pierce skin
Hymenoptera •Narrow waist connects thorax &
abdomen
• Abdomen curved downward
•May have stinger on end of abdomen
Bees, ants,
wasps
•Chewing mouthparts
•Four membranous wings
•Waist often constricted
•Females with ovipositor or
stinger at end of abdomen
Lepidoptera Siphoning mouthparts coiled under
head
• Powdery scales on wings
•Butterflies fold wings body at rest
• flat above Moths are night active
•Important plant pollinators
Moths,
butterflies, &
skippers
•Coiling-sucking mouthparts
•Four wings covered with scales
Odonata Dragonflies hold clear wings spread
perpendicular to body at rest
•Damselflies hold clear wings together
over abdomen
Dragonflies &
damselflies
•Long slender wings
•Long thin body

2. Blattodea roaches •Flat
•Spiny legs
•Long antennae
Termitoidea (ex
Isoptera)
•Live in colonies
•Feed on wood
•Soft bodies & short antenna
•Castes – workers, soldiers, kings, and
queen
Termites
Hemiptera Posterior thorax is triangular ; called
SCUTELLUM
bugs, hoppers,
aphids, scales,
cicadas
• A beak: piercing-sucking
mouthparts
• Forewings covering hind wings
• Wing half membrane, half
thickened or
• Wing all membranous
Orthoptera Very long bodies
•Rear legs modified for jumping
•Females with egg laying tube
(ovipositor on end of abdomen)
•Often communicate with chirping
sounds
Grasshoppers,
locusts, crickets,
katydids
•Jumping hind legs
•Some with ovipositor at hind
end
Neuroptera Net veined wings
•Small, delicate insects
• Long antenna
•Predators on other insects
•May feed on nectar
Lacewings

3. WINGLESS INSECTS APTERYGOTA
Zygentoma(ex
Thysanura)
•Found around houses or outside
under stones or wood
•Fast runners
•Damage books
•Secretive and active at night.
•Flat, long bodies
•Long antenna
•Three, long, tail like appendages
Silverfish
Siphonaptera
(Pterygota)
• Ectoparasites
•Bodies laterally compressed
•Enlarged hind jumping legs
•Very short antenna(sensory organ)
•Evolved from winged insects
(Pterygota), lost their wings
Fleas
PHTHIRAPTERA
(Pterygota suborder
Anoplura)
• Parasites of mammals
•Very small Head and body
•Attracted to children’s fine hair
•Carry disease
•Evolved from winged insects
(Pterygota), lost their wings
Sucking lice
PHTHIRAPTERA
(suborder Mallophaga)
•External parasites on birds &
mammals
• Broad head & flattened body
•Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur
•Evolved from winged insects
Biting lice

4. (Pterygota), lost their wings
Metamorphosis-CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS-Insects change shape gradually(EGG>NYMPH>ADULT)
Complete Metamorphosis-Four stages that all look different(EGG>LARVA>PUPA> ADULT)
Circulatory Systems Respiration: Gaseous exchangeReproduction
1. Open system-hemocoel • Openings – spiracles
1. Thoracic
2. Abdominal
Attraction:1. Pheromones (olfactory)
oSex attraction
oAggregation
2. Heart/aorta - dorsal • Tracheal system – trachea dividing up
into tracheoles
Insect Courtship:1. Courtship- Close range
intersexual behavior inducing receptivity
• Courtship pheromones
• Visual displays by males to attract females
3. No red blood cells. Some insects
have hemoglobin. O2 delivered by
trachea
• Trachea not intracellular Copulation-Direct transfer of sperm from the
male to the female
•Indirect through a spermatophore - a protein
capsule containing spermatozoa
4. No long-term immune response,
recognition system
• Tracheoles intracellular – enclosed in a
thin layer of cytoplasm
Asexual Reproduction
• Parthenogenesis- development from an
unfertilized egg
1. Female offspring – thelytokous (aphids)
2. Male offspring – arrhenotokous
(Hymenoptera)
3. Both sexes – amphitokous (Thysanoptera)
No acquired immunity
Relation of insects to humans:

5. 1. Beneficial: 2. Aesthetic Value: 3. Injurious
Pollination, artistic beauty and enrichmentFeed on plants & stored foods,
break down raw materials wooden structure,
aerate soil, fabrics
Biological control of weeds and
agricultural pests,
Causes irritation & annoyance
food for many animals and humans, Causes diseases to humans and
animals
medical uses. artistic beauty and enrichment
Why are insects so successful?
• Small size • Flight
• Multigenerational • Metamorphosis
• Exoskeleton • Wide variety in food choices for various insects and life stages
• Wide variety in habitat resources
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS :Three body regions:
Head (One pair antenna)
Thorax (Six legs or 3 pairs, One-two pairs of wings)
Abdomen