All about matter and atom and its subatomic particles

About the civilization on egypt

1. ATOMS & ELEMENTS UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF MATTER

2. MATTER PROPERTIES OF MATTER 1 ATOMS 2 ELEMENTS 3 ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS NUMBER 4 ISOTOPES 5

3. EXAMPLE OF MATTER YOU ARE MADE OF MATTER WATER IS MADE OF MATTER THE BALLOON AND THE AIR INSIDE WHAT ELSE IS MADE OF MATTER? MATTER WHAT IS IT? Anything that has mass and takes up space.

4. PROPERTIES OF MATTER Matter is anything with mass and volume. Properties of matter are characteristics that can be observed or measured. Examples of properties of matter include color, shape, size, texture, density, and state (solid, liquid, gas).

5. ATOMS PROTON NEUTRON Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms are made up of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus (center) of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. NUCLEUS ELECTRON CLOUD

6. ELEMENTS An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. Elements represented by symbols (H = Hydrogen, Au = Gold) Arranged in the Periodic Table There are over 100 known elements, each with its own unique properties.

7. Atomic Number = Number of Protons Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons Example: Uranium-238 (92 protons + 146 neutrons) ATOMIC NUMBER & MASS NUMBER

8. ISOTOPES Isotopes: Same element, different number of neutrons Example: Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37 Same chemical properties, different mass numbers

9. RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES Unstable nuclei break down, releasing energy (radiation) Example: Polonium-218 decays to Bismuth-214 Used to date rocks and fossils

10. Electrons occupy energy levels 1st level: 2 electrons, 2nd level: 8 electrons, 3rd level: 18 electrons Valence electrons - determine chemical behavior - determine how an atom reacts with other elements. - It is the electron on the outermost shell of an atom and takes part in chemical reaction ENERGY LEVELS IN ATOMS

11. Ions: Atoms that gain or lose electrons Positive ions: Lost electrons (e.g., Li⁺) Negative ions: Gained electrons (e.g., Fl⁻) IONS

12. MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS Most abundant elements in the universe: Hydrogen and Helium Earth's crust: Oxygen and Silicon make up 75% 98.5% of Earth's crust consists of 8 elements

13. Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Isotopes have different neutrons, same protons. Ions form by gaining or losing electrons. Energy levels and valence electrons determine reactivity.

14. QUIZ

15. TOMA It is the basic building block of matter.

16. NCLIEUSU The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

17. TOPRON A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

18. RONTNUE particle in the nucleus with no electric charge.

19. COTELREN A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.

20. LICEMHEC SYMOLB A one- or two-letter abbreviation that represents an element.

21. ACSS MAUBMER The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

22. OITSOPE Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

23. EIANEGTIV ONI An atom that has gained electrons and has a negative charge.

24. PEEITCDAO TABEL A chart that organizes elements by their chemical properties.

25. LVACENE CESTORLEN Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that determine its chemical behavior.

26. EYLGENRE VELSE Regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found.

27. OIXNYGE The most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

28. HYROEDGN The most abundant element in the universe.

29. NOI A positively or negatively charged atom.