ALL ABOUT RESEARCH Principle of Reseach.pptx

All about Research studies

1. ALL ABOUT RESEARCH Roel P. Villocino , Ed. D. Educ. 102a (Methods of Research)

2. Elements in Selecting Research Topic A.I.R. A- lignment EdAd ElEd G & C Math ELT I – nterest R - esearchability

3. Research Re- again or anew Search – to look or to find IGNORANT

4. While waiting. . . What is your understanding of research? What do you think are the importance of research? What particular research topic is of interest to you as an educator ?

5. Time to familiarize each one Say something about yourself Brief personal and professional profile School connected How do you see yourself 5 or 10 years from now?

6. What is Research? a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. it consists of three steps: Pose a question. Collect data to answer the question Present an answer to the question. information understanding

7. Other Definitions Describing a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles. A careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. A systematized effort to gain new knowledge. careful, systematic, patient study and investigation search for new facts systematized effort

8. Importance of Research Research Adds to Our Knowledge educators undertake research to contribute to existing information about issues. Research Improves Practice it suggests improvements for practice. Research Informs Policy Debates provides information to policy makers when they research and debate educational topics Adds to Our Knowledge Improves Practice Informs Policy Debates

9. Major Research Approaches Quantitative Research In quantitative research, the investigator identifies a research problem based on trends in the field or on the need to explain why something occurs. Variables are an attribute (e.g., voting preference or attitude of Filipinos) or characteristic of individuals (e.g., gender or age) that researchers study. identifies a research problem attribute characteristic of individuals

10. Qualitative Research Qualitative research is best suited to address a research problem in which you do not know the variables and need to explore. Central phenomenon is the key concept, idea, or process studied in qualitative research. research problem Central phenomenon

11. Comparison of Qualitative & Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Subjective Objective Inductive Deductive Open-ended Closed-ended Phenomenological Scientific Content Analysis Statistical Analysis

12. Mixed Methods Research a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study Both approaches provide a better understanding of the research problem and question than either method by itself Mixed Methods Research

13. TABLE 2: Quantitative & Qualitative Methods of Data Collection and Types of Data Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Methods of Data Collection Data Methods of Data Collection Data Instruments (e.g., questionnaire, closed-ended interview, closed-ended observation) Numeric scores Open-ended interviews (Interview Guide) Text data from transcribed interviews Documents (e.g., census, attendance records) Numeric scores Open-ended questions on questionnaires Open-ended observations Documents (e.g., private or public) Visual materials Text data transcribed from questionnaires Fieldnotes (text) from researcher’s notes Text data optically scanned from diaries, journals, letters, or official documents Image data from pictures, photography, or audiotapes Methods of Data Collection Types of Data

14. Research Methodology versus Methods Research methodology is not only about research methods but also considers the logic behind the methods and explain why use a particular method or technique (or design). Research methods or techniques refer to the methods the researchers use in performing research operations. Research methodology Research methods

15. Research Designs Associated with Quantitative and Qualitative Research Research designs are the specific procedures involved in the research process: data collection, data analysis, and report writing. Research designs

16. Experimental Designs also called intervention studies or group comparison studies procedures in quantitative research in which the investigator determines whether an activity or materials make a difference in results for participants.

17. Correlational Designs procedures in quantitative research in which investigators measure the degree of association (or relation) between two or more variables using the statistical procedure of correlational analysis.

18. Survey Designs procedures in quantitative research in which you administer a survey or questionnaire to a small group of people (called the sample ) to identify trends in attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a large group of people (called the population ).

19. Phenomenology Generally, it is a term used to describe qualitative research. Literally, it means the study of phenomenon. Phenomena may be events , situations , experiences or concepts .

20. Grounded Theory Designs systematic, qualitative procedures that researchers use to generate a general explanation (grounded in the views of participants) that explains a process, action, or interaction among people. general explanation

21. Ethnographic Designs qualitative procedures for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a cultural group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time.

22. Narrative Research Designs qualitative procedures in which researchers describe the lives of individuals, collect and tell stories about these individuals’ lives, and write narratives about their experiences.

23. Action Research Designs systematic procedures used by teachers (or other individuals in an educational setting) to gather quantitative and qualitative data to address improvements in their educational setting, their teaching, and the learning of their students. improvements

24. Case Study Design an in-depth exploration of a bounded system, (e.g., activity, event, process, or individuals) based on extensive data collection. Some researchers identify “case” as an object of study ; others consider it to be a procedure of inquiry . It may be single, several individuals separately or in a group, program, may represent a process consisting of a series of steps events, or activities in-depth exploration

25. Mixed Methods Designs procedures for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or in a multiphase series of studies. single study

26. TABLE 3: Determining Appropriate Research Approach, Methodology & Methods Research Titles Approach (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed method) Methodology (Experimental, correlational , survey, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, narrative, action research, case study, or mixed method) Methods (IDI, FGD, PO,questionnaire , modules, etc.) The Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement of IP Students Quantitative Correlational Questionnaire Delving into the Causes of Misbehavior of Students Qualitative Case Study IDI, PO Learning by Doing: Its Efficacy in the Attainment of Learning Outcomes Quantitative Experimental Questionnaire, module (for intervention) Leadership Styles of Gay Public School Principals: Their Contributions to Overall School Performance Quantitative Survey (descriptive, cross-sectional) Questionnaire Assessment of School Improvement Program as Basis for Future Planning Mixed method Mixed method (phenomenology & survey[descriptive]) IDI, FGD, questionnaire Exploring the Organizational Culture of Top 3 Performing Schools Qualitative Ethnography IDI, PO (or non-participant observation)

27. The Six Steps in the Process of Research Identifying a Research Problem consists of specifying an issue to study, developing a justification for studying it, and suggesting the importance of the study for select audiences that will read the report. Reviewing the Literature means locating summaries, books, journals, and indexed publications on a topic; selectively choosing which literature to include in your review; and then summarizing the literature in a written report

28. Specifying a Purpose for Research consists of identifying the major intent or objective for a study and narrowing it into specific research questions or hypotheses. Collecting Data means identifying and selecting individuals for a study, obtaining their permission to study them, and gathering information by asking people questions or observing their behaviors.

29. Analyzing and Interpreting the Data involves drawing conclusions about it; representing it in tables, figures, and pictures to summarize it; explaining the conclusions in words to provide answers to your research questions.

30. Reporting and Evaluating Research Reporting research involves deciding on audiences, structuring the report in a format acceptable to these audiences, and then writing the report in a manner that is sensitive to all readers. Evaluating research involves assessing the quality of a study using standards advanced by individuals in education.

31. Get ¼ please. . . . This quiz is auto-programmed. Each item- shown on each slide – is flashed a minimum of 10 seconds and a maximum of 40 (depending on the length of the question and that of the choices.) Avoid erasures Good luck!

32. Answer what is asked Generally, the first step in research is ‘pose a question.’ Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false) Research is also important because it suggests improvements for practice. Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false)

33. Name the three major research approaches. By way of comparison, quantitative research is subjective as against qualitative which is objective. Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false)

34. Mixed method research provides a better understanding of the research problem and question than either method by itself. Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false) Research methodology and research methods are exactly the same. Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false)

35. Answer what is asked Experimental designs are also called a. intervention studies b. group comparison studies c. none of these d. A & B Between phenomenology and correlational research, which one is qualitative?

36. Biographical studies are narrative researches. Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false) The purpose for research consists of identifying the major intent or objective for a study and narrowing it into specific research questions or hypotheses. Ok or Opps (Write Ok if statement is true; Opps if false) Answer what is asked

37. Name at least three qualitative research designs Answer what is asked

38. B End