alternative and complimentary system of medicines

CAM my presentation

1. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES VENBA.E M. Sc ., NURSING II YEAR, COLLEGE OF NURSING, MMC,CHENNAI -03.

2. INTRODUCTION Complementary and alternative medicine plays a significant role in many aspects of healthcare worldwide including cardiovascular disease. It includes various healing approaches and therapies and that are not based on conventional western medicine. These approaches are often used alongside or instead of conventional medical treatments. The terms "complementary" and "alternative" are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings.

3. DEFINITION Complementary and alternative medicine are group of medical and healthcare systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. -National center for complementary and alternative medicine. Complementary medicine- is used together with conventional medicine. Alternative medicine-is used in place of conventional medicine.

4. GLOBAL UTILIZATION International prevalence varies from 10% to 76%. India- 70% of population relies on traditional and complementary medicine for their healthcare needs. various studies revealed that 30% and 50% of the adult population in industrialized countries use some type of CAM to prevent or treat a range of health related complications.

5. DOMAINS OF CAM Alternative medical systems Biologically based treatments Mind body techniques Manipulative and body-based methods Energy therapies

6. OBJECTIVES Promoting holistic health Prevention and wellness Individualized treatment Enhancing quality of life Integration with conventional medicine Cultural preservation Empowerment and patient- centered care

7. CONCEPTS Several concepts are common to most alternative practices Holism Humanism Balance Spirituality Energy Healing environment

8. ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS Alternative medical system are entire systems of health theory and practice that developed separately from conventional medicine. It includes

9. AYURVEDA Ayurveda is derived from Sanskrit, consisting of words ayur meaning life and Veda meaning related to knowledge or science. The earliest mention of Ayurveda appeared during the Vedic period in India, in the texts of Sushruta samhitha and charak samhita. Ayurveda is based on the theory of the three regulatory principles -doshas(humor) namely vata, pitta and kapha.

10. COMPONENTS Nutrition Herbal remedies Aromatherapy Massage Sound therapy Meditation Panchakarma(detoxification)

11. COMMONLY USED HERBS Terminalia arjunalis -Heart failure and coronary artery disease Black pepper with ginger - increases appetite, hypochlorhydria

12. Cont ….. Charaka introduced ten drugs under  Hridya Mahakashaya  group that comprises mostly like ascorbic acid of citrus fruits in it. It is proven that certain phytoconstituents present in these herbs help to maintain a healthy state of blood vessels including coronary arteries. Arjuna Pippali Pushkarmoola Yashlimadhu Bala Haritaki Nagabala Dashmoola Shunthi

13. Cont … C ertain phytoconstituents present in these herbs help to maintain a healthy state of blood vessels including coronary arteries.  T hey are possessing hypotensive, hypocholesteremic, anti-platelet and thrombolytic activities which play a crucial role in the management of cardio-vascular and cerebrovascular disorders.

14. ARJUNA Strengthen the Heart muscles Regulates heartbeat Reduces cholesterol and blood pressure Prevents arteries from hardening Eases blood flow in the coronary artery Reduces chances of clot formation Acts as an anti-oxidant regulates diabetes

15. ASHWAGANDHA Stress buster and immunity booster Slows down circulation of adrenaline Reduces stress and treat insomnia Reduces drowsiness and muscle fatigue Helps to maintain cholesterol level

16. SIDDHA The siddha is a form of South Indian Tamil traditional medicine and part of the trio Indian medicine - Ayurveda, siddha and unani . The system is developed by the 9 nath and 84 siddha in the North and 18 siddhas in the South called siddhar . Humors Vatham Pitham kabam

17. 7 ELEMENTS Ooneer (Plasma) Cheneer (blood) Oon (Muscle) Koluppu (fatty tissue) Elumbu (bone) Sukkilam (semen)

18. DIVINE METHOD In this method medicine like parpam , chendooram , guru, kuligai made of mercury, sulfur and pashanams are used. RATIONAL METHOD In this method, medicines made of herbs like churanam , kudi eer , vadagam are used. SURGICAL METHOD In this method, incision, excision, heat application, blood letting, leech application are used.

19. The recommended formulations in Siddha Sasthric Medicines- Fixed Regimen (SSM- FiRe ) are  Amukkura  tablets , Kaba Sura Kudineer  (KSK) for asymptomatic COVID-19 positive (RT-PCR) patients, and  Athimathuram  tablets,  Adathodai Manappagu  syrup,  Thippili Rasayanam , Brahmananda Bairavam  tablet, and  Notchi Kudineer  for mild symptomatic patients. The core objective of the trial was to document the efficacy of SSM- FiRe in the prevention of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 disease progression to the next level of severity, reduce the severity of symptoms and revert to RT-PCR Negative.

20. HERBS& CARDIAC ACTION Cocos nucifera_Tamil name ( THENGAAI ) Tender coconut water, decreases the serum enzymes (CPK, LDH, SGOT, SGPT) and myocardial damage in isoproterenol treated rats. Glycyrrhiza glabra _Tamil name ( ATHIMADHURAM ) Protected myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury. Vitis vinifera _Tamil name ( THIRAATCHAI ) Restored normal mitochondrial function, altered the level of all cardiac parameters normally.

21. Cynodon dactylon _Tamil name ( ARUGAMPUL ) Produces marked reduction in number, duration and incidence of ve ntricular tachycardia. Andrographis paniculata _Tamil name ( NILAVEMBU ) protects the cardiac myocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and antioxidant activity. Crocus sativus _Tamil name ( KUNGUMAPOO ) Crocin modulated the activities of myocardial creatine CK-MB isoenzymes.

22. Hydrocotyle asiatica_ Tamil name ( VALLARAI ) A reduction in left ventricle necrosis and lipid peroxide levels. Zingiber officinale _Tamil name ( INJI ) Significant decline was shown in the activities of cardiac markers such as ALT, AST, LDH and CK. Allium cepa _Tamil name ( VENGAYAM ) Attenuates ischemia/ hypoxia induced and antioxidant effect . Curcuma longa _Tamil name ( MANJAL ) Augments endogenous antioxidants decline in cardiac function and oxidative stress.

23. Azadirachta indica _Tamil name ( VEMBU ) Cardioprotective antioxidant. A significant increase in heart rate were observed and showed significant decrease in the level of cardiac marker enzymes [ (LDH) (SGOT)]. Nigella sativa _Tamil name ( KARUNCHEERAGAM ) The extract gives all the parameters (LDH, CPK,AST, ALT, Lipid profile)were maintained at near normal.

24. OTHER THERAPIES INCLUDE Solar therapy Purgative therapy Physical therapy Steam therapy Fasting therapy Emetic Therapy Blood letting therapy

25. UNANI As an alternative form of medicine, unani has found favour in Asia, especially india . Unani medicine is very close to Ayurveda . Both are based on theory of the presence of the elements in the human body. According to followers of unani medicine, these elements are present in different fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to diseases. ELEMENTS Fire Water Earth Air

26. Each person's unique mixture of these substances determines his temperament. PREDOMINANCE TEMPERAMENT Blood Sanguine Phlegm Phlegmatic Yellow bile/black bile Melancholic

27. DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES IN UNANI MEDICINE:   Unani diagnostic techniques provide valuable insights into cardiovascular health. Pulse diagnosis ( Nabz ) helps identify imbalances and determine the Mizaj of the heart. The examination of urine ( Baul ) offers additional information about the heart’s condition and related issues . 

28. HERBAL REMEDIES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH:  Unani Medicine harnesses the power of herbs to support heart health and maintain cardiovascular balance. Here are some commonly used herbs, Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) Garlic (Allium sativum) Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.):  Hawthorn supports heart function, improves blood circulation, and may alleviate chest discomfort. Guggul ( Commiphora mukul ):  Guggul helps regulate cholesterol levels and reduces inflammation in the arteries.

29. THERAPEUTICS Regimental therapy Dieto therapy Pharmacotherapy Surgery

30. REGIMENTAL THERAPY Regimental therapy Purging Cauterization Exercise Diuresis Sweating Cupping Vomiting

31. DETOXIFICATION THERAPIES FOR CARDIOVASCULAR SUPPORT:  Unani Medicine offers various detoxification therapies that may benefit cardiovascular health: Hijama (cupping therapy):  Helps improve blood circulation and remove toxins from the body, potentially supporting heart function. Purgation ( Ishaal ) and bloodletting ( Fasd ):  These procedures, performed under the supervision of a qualified Unani practitioner, can be beneficial for specific cardiovascular conditions.

32. HOMEOPATHY It is a system of therapy based on the concept that disease can be treated with drugs which are capable of producing the same symptoms in healthy people as the disease itself.

33. Remedies used in homeopathy are derived from the naturally occurring substances such as plant extract and minerals. Ex: Arsenium album(arsenic oxide) Natrum muriaticum (sodium chloride) Thyroidinum (thyroid hormone) Homeopaths are use treatments called nosodes made from diseased or pathological products such as fecal , urinary and respiratory discharges, blood and tissue. If prepared from healthy specimen are called sarcodes.

34. TREATMENTS High blood pressure Arthritis Dermatitis Allergies Depression Stress Anxiety Hay fever Asthma Ear infections

35. DIGITALIS Digitalis is known chiefly for its action on the heart, and it is rare that a patient suffering from an affection of that organ does not get Digitalis in some form. CACTUS GRANDIFLORAS It controls the inflammatory condition and strengthens the heart’s contractions, and does not poison the heart like Digitalis or Strophanthus. KALMIA LATIFOLIA Remedy for cardiac hypertrophy, especially after rheumatism.

36. SPIGELIA Spigelia is another remedy for the painful affections about the heart. It stands at the head of the list for acute carditis and pericarditis. CIMICUFUGA Often indicated in heart troubles, especially when they supervene upon chorea or rheumatism of the bellies of the muscles. ARSENICUM It is especially useful in pericarditis or endocarditis.

37. NATUROPATHY It is a system of therapy based on preventive care and on the use of heat, water, light of the whole patient and use of the body natural healing abilities. This system also focuses on finding the cause of a disease rather than merely treating symptoms Naturopathic treatment includes : Nutrition and dietetic Fasting Structural adjustment Hydrotherapy Healthy lifestyle Education

38. NUTRITION AND DIETETIC It includes the prescription of a balanced wholesome natural diet, based on the principles advocated by Naturopathic practitioners FASTING The controlled abstinence from food has been used therapeutically. It is used in obesity, high blood pressure, arthritis and various allergies. STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT By such methods as osteopathy, chiropractic, neuromuscular techniques, postural re education and remedial exercises, the Naturopathic practitioner seeks to balance and integrate the spine, muscles, ligaments and joints of the whole body.

39. HYDROTHERAPY This is the use of water both internally and externally in the form of baths, packs , compresses, sprays and douches. HEALTHY LIFESTYLE It includes the general care of one's body the use of moderate physical exercise, the cultivation of a positive approach to life and health, relaxation techniques etc., EDUCATION Naturopathy is based on the belief that the body is self healing. The body will repair itself and recover from illness spontaneously if it is in a healthy environment.

40. BIOLOGICALLY BASED TREATMENTS Biologically based practice in CAM use substances found in nature such as herbs, foods and vitamins. 1)Herbal medicine 2)Nutritional therapy HERBAL MEDICINE It is in the use if individual herbs or combinations of herbs for therapeutic benefit. An herb is a part of plant (bark, roots, seeds, flowers or fruit) that produce and contains chemical substances that act on the body.

41. NAME OF THE HERBS USES Aloe Constipation Cranberry Prevention of UTI Echinacea Upper respiratory tract infection Evening primrose Eczema, skin irritation Feverfew Prevention of migraine headaches Garlic Decrease cholesterol Ginger Nausea and vomiting Gingo biloba Claudication Ginseng Enhance immune system Hawthorn Mild to moderate heart failure

42. NUTRACEUTICALS It involves use of vitamin and mineral supplements. NAME OF THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS USES Chondroitin sulphate Osteoarthritis Coenzyme Q10 Hypertension Fish oil Hypertriglyceridemia Glucosamine Osteoarthritis Melatonin Decrease sleep latency Probiotics Active diarrhea Red yeast rice High cholesterol Soy High cholesterol

43. 2.NUTRITIONAL THERAPY It is a system of healing based on the belief that food as nature intended provides the medicine we need to obtain and maintain a state of health. USES It is mainly used for disorders ranging from chronic fatigue, energy loss, insomnia and depression, back pain, skin complaints, asthma and headaches Antioxidants are also the nutritional supplements which can remove the free radicals from human body Nutritional therapy

44. MIND BODY TECHNIQUE Mind body technique are a group of healing techniques that enhance the mind interaction with bodily functions to induce relaxation. Methods Hypnotherapy Meditation Art therapy Biofeedback Music therapy Guided imagenary

45. MEDITATION State of being with increased concentration and awareness, it regulates their attention focus on particular aspects of inner or outer experience. The most highly studied forms of meditation are transcendental meditation and mind fullness meditation. USES It shows favourable effects on heart and blood vessel function, immunity and brain activity It also used for physical relaxation, mental calmness and favourable emotional states such as loving kindness.

46. HYPNOTHERAPY In hypnotherapy people are guided into an advanced state of relaxation and heightened attention. USES It can be used in the following conditions like phobias, pain syndrome, smoking cessation, conversion disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, headaches, asthma, some skin disorder, high blood pressure and anxiety. H ypnosis may be equally effective in alleviating symptoms associated with depressive symptoms in the perioperative period .

47. RELAXATION TECHNIQUES Relieves tension and strain Reducing the activity of sympathetic nervous system Lowering blood pressure Slowing metabolic processes R elax and widen blood vessels, keeping blood pressure under control

48. When your body is in relaxation mode, a different part of your nervous system takes effect and works to relieve the impact of the stress response. As a result, the body starts to release chemicals to: lower stress hormone levels relax the muscles lower blood sugar lower blood pressure lower heart and breathing rate reduce inflammation increase the immune response

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50. BIOFEEDBACK STUDIES OF SPECIFIC CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS Commonly these include heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, and, more recently, heart rate variability. In each case, the parameter is measured and displayed for the subject, and the subject is taught to make it change in a positive direction through relaxation, thought patterns, imagery, or some combination of techniques. Many times the display of the physiologic parameter and the demonstration that it can be controlled are quite surprising to the subject and lead to an enhanced desire to participate in the therapy.

51. QIGONG Studies suggest that Chinese qigong exercise seems to be an optimal option for patients with chronic heart diseases who were unable to engage in other forms of physical activity.  Qigong can improve COPD patients in lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life who were in the stable stage.

52. MANIPULATIVE AND BODY BASED PRACTICES Manipulative and body based practices includes intervention and approaches that are based on the manipulation or movement of the body. It includes Yoga Chiropractic Taichi

53. YOGA Yoga is a Sanskrit word meaning totality and sum or the joining together It is a scientific system that aims at the practitioner overall health, happiness and a greater sense of self,. Yoga utilizes stretching posture, breathing and meditation techniques to calm the emotional state. BENEFITS: Depression Mood disturbance Cognitive functions Control premature ventricular contraction Increases body’s ability in using antioxidants

54. CHIROPRACTICE In chiropractice, the relationship between the structure of the spine and functions of the nervous system is thought to be the key in maintaining or restoring health. The main method for achieving balance is Spinal manipulation.

55. TAICHI Taichi therapy leads to a relaxation response. This can result in loosening the walls of the arteries that carrying the blood to the brain. It can reduce the blood pressure It helps to decrease the anger, anxiety and frustration. Lessen pain and increases mobility in osteoarthritis headache relief Increases balance and stability Bone stability

56. ENERGY THERAPIES Energy medicine is a branch of alternative medicine based on a pseudo scientific belief that healers can channel healing energy into a patient and effect positive results. It includes Hand mediated biofield therapies Acupuncture Reflexology Massage therapy

57. HAND MEDIATED BIOFIELD THERAPY Biofield therapies (BFTs) are a related group of integrative medicine interventions in which practitioners use their hands on or above a client’s body to stimulate healing and well-being. Of the family of BFTs, those with a substantive amount of clinical research are External Qigong, Healing Touch, Reiki and Therapeutic Touch.

58. These practices are based on a model in which living systems contribute to, and exist within, a confluence of electromagnetic forces and other less conventional phenomena, called biofields, which complement biochemical regulatory processes. Biofield therapists report that they promote the healing response by sensing and directing a form of energy that is not well-described within the biomedical model.

59. PHOTO ENERGY THERAPY Photo energy therapy devices emit near infrared light typically at a wavelength of 880nm.it is believed to stimulate the release of nitric oxide. BENEFITS Increases vasodilation Decrease pain

60. SOUND ENERGY THERAPY It is an interpersonal process in which a trained music therapist uses music and all of its facets physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic and spiritual to help clients to improve or maintain their health. BENEFITS Reduce stress Lower blood pressure Pain management Improves sleep Mood swings Reduce the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease

61. ACCUPUNCTURE Acupuncture  is a form of  alternative medicine and a component of  traditional Chinese medicine  (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture, the practice of treating conditions through triggering certain points on the skin with needles, may help with allergies, migraines, or insomnia. Acupuncture is an evidence based medicine that has been proven by literally thousands of studies.

62. Acupuncture appears to be solely responsible for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in this case, as no β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiarrhythmic medicines were administered before the return to sinus rhythm. The antiarrhythmic effect noted may be from centrally mediated autonomic effects or additional mechanisms.

63. REFLEXOLOGY Reflexology is based on the theory that all areas of the body correspond with and can be mapped onto areas of the hands and feet. Typically, the feet are used in reflexology, but in some circumstances, the hands or ears may be used. Reflexologists use hand and foot maps that illustrate points that correspond to certain areas of the body.

64. MASSAGE It includes a range of technique that manipulate the soft tissue and joints of the body involving touch and movement USES It is used to relieve muscle soreness, pain due to back injury and fibromyalgia It is used to prevent injuries to the mother genitals during childbirth, relieve chronic constipation and controlling asthma.

65. OTHERS Aromatherapy Spiritual therapy Music therapy