ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES for college (1).pptx

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

1. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

2. According to U.S. Energy information Administration, Scientists define energy as the ability to do work. Modern civilization is possible because people have learned how to change energy from one form to another and then use it to do work. What is ENERGY?

3. Potential energy is the stored energy an object has due to its position or configuration, such as a rock perched on a hill or a compressed spring. Kinetic energy, on the other hand, is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, like a rolling ball or a moving car. While potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy (e.g., a falling rock), kinetic energy can be converted back into potential energy (e.g., a car ascending a hill). POTENTIAL & KINETIC ENERGY FORMS OF ENERGY

4. Renewable energy sources are those that can be replenished naturally over short periods, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, making them sustainable in the long term. Nonrenewable energy sources, like coal, oil, and natural gas, come from finite resources that take millions of years to form and can be depleted, leading to environmental and supply concerns. The key difference lies in their sustainability and environmental impact, with renewable sources offering a cleaner, more sustainable alternative to nonrenewable sources. RENEWABLE & NONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES CATEGORIES OF ENERGY SOURCES

5. WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE?

6. Alternative energy sources are energy sources that are not based on fossil fuels and typically have lower environmental impacts. Energy that produces little to no greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2). These energy sources are mostly renewable. Alternative energies are crucial for reducing environmental impact, ensuring sustainability, enhancing energy security, and conserving natural resources. Examples of these are solar, thermal, wind, hydro, tidal, wave, geothermal, and bio fuel.

7. Solar energy is the power harnessed from sunlight. A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. The Earth receives enough sunlight in one hour to meet the world's energy needs for an entire year. Solar generated power has two types; Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power and Solar Thermal Power. SOLAR POWER

8. SOLAR POWER PROCESS

9. Converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials. Uses sunlight to generate heat, which is then used to produce electricity. TYPES OF SOLAR GENERATED POWER SOLAR THERMAL POWER PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SOLAR POWER

10. PARTS OF A SOLAR PANEL

11. Connected to the local electrical grid, allowing use of solar energy during the day and grid power at night. Excess energy can be fed back to the grid. Includes batteries to store excess solar energy for use at night or during outages, providing energy independence and reliability. 2 TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL 1. GRID-TIED SOLAR PANEL SYSTEM 2. BATTERY-BASED SOLAR PANEL SYSTEM

12. Renewable energy source Environmental benefits Cost savings Low operating costs Energy independence Technological advancements High initial costs Weather dependent Space requirements Energy storage costs Intermittent supply Aesthetic concerns SOLAR POWER PROS & CONS PROS CONS

13. The Philippines, located near the equator, receives abundant sunlight year-round, making it ideal for solar energy production. The Philippine government promotes solar energy through policies like the Renewable Energy Act and incentives such as tax credits and net metering. The solar power market in the Philippines is expanding, with increasing installations of residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar projects. Solar power is crucial for remote and rural areas in the Philippines, providing electricity where the grid does not reach, enhancing quality of life and economic opportunities. SOLAR POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES

14. CALATAGAN SOLAR FARM CADIZ SOLAR POWER PLANT SAN CARLOS SUN POWER (SACASUN) SILAY SOLAR POWER PLANT CEBU SOLAR POWER PLANT SUBIC SOLAR FARM ORMOC SOLAR FARM CLARK SOLAR POWER PLANT

15. THERMAL POWER Thermal energy is the internal energy in a substance due to the kinetic energy of its molecules, resulting in heat. The most common way of producing thermal power without the use fossil fuel is solar water heating. Solar water heating for thermal power involves using solar energy to heat water, which then produces steam to drive turbines for electricity generation. There are two types of solar water heating system; ACTIVE and PASSIVE.

16. THERMAL POWER PROCESS (SOLAR WATER HEATING)

17. 2 TYPES OF SOLAR WATER HEATING ACTIVE PASSIVE Uses pumps and controls to circulate water or a heat-transfer fluid through solar collectors to a storage tank. Relies on natural convection or gravity to circulate water through solar collectors to a storage tank, without mechanical pumps.

18. Reliable electricity generation High energy output Well-established infrastructure Greenhouse gas emissions Environmental impact High operational costs PROS & CONS OF THERMAL POWER PROS CONS

19. A study by the Energy Policy and Development Program (EPDP) in the Philippines highlights the significant contribution of thermal power, particularly coal-fired plants, to the country's electricity generation mix. Environmental groups like Greenpeace Philippines stress the need to shift away from fossil fuel-based thermal power to tackle climate change and air pollution. THERMAL POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES

20. QUEZON POWER PLANT IN MAUBAN, QUEZON Pagbilao Power Station in Pagbilao, Quezon Sual Power Station in Sual, Pangasinan Malaya THERMAL POWER PLANT IN PILILLA, RIZAL LIMAY COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT IN LIMAY, BATAAN

21. Wind energy is the generation of electricity using the kinetic energy of wind to turn turbines and produce power. The most common instrument in producing wind power is Wind Turbines. Wind power contributes to sustainability by providing a renewable, clean energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. WIND POWER

22. PARTS OF WIND TURBINES

23. TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

24. WIND POWER PROCESS

25. PROS & CONS OF WIND POWER PROS CONS Renewable energy source Reduces greenhouse gas emissions Low operational costs Creates jobs Scalable and flexible installation Intermittent energy source High initial costs Noise and visual impact Impact on wildlife Requires large land areas

26. Wind power aids the Philippines by offering a renewable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on imported fossil fuels, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As of now, the Philippines has over 150 operational wind turbines, according to the Philippine Department of Energy. The Philippines promotes wind power to enhance energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and capitalize on the country's abundant wind resources. WIND POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES

27. BANGUI WIND FARM IN ILOCOS NORTE Burgos Wind Farm in Ilocos Norte Caparispisan Wind Farm in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte Pililla Wind Farm in Rizal San Lorenzo Wind Farm in Guimaras Nabas Wind Farm in Aklan Puerto Galera Wind Farm in Oriental Mindoro

28. HYDRO POWER Hydropower, also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines. Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is a renewable source of energy that generates power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter the natural flow of a river or other body of water. Hydropower relies on the endless, constantly recharging system of the water cycle to produce electricity, using a fuel water that is not reduced or eliminated in the process.

29. HYDRO POWER PROCESS

30. PROS & CONS OF HYDRO POWER PROS Renewable energy source Pairs well with other renewables Can meet peak electricity demand Is inexpensive in the long run Produced domestically Can be used for irrigation CONS Some adverse environmental impact Expensive up-front Lack of available reservoirs Facilities rely on local hydrology

31. HYDRO POWER IN THE PHILIPPINES Hydro power is a major source of renewable energy in the Philippines, contributing around 20% to the country's electricity supply. The country's mountainous terrain and abundant rainfall make it well-suited for hydroelectric power generation. The hydro power sector in the Philippines offers substantial opportunities for local and foreign investments, driven by growing energy demand.

32. MAGAT DAM- CAGAYAN VALLEY SAN ROQUE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT- PANGASINAN PULANGI DAM- BUKIDNON PROVINCE KALAYAAN HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT- LAGUNA ANGAT HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT- NORZAGARAY,BULACAN

33. SOME OF THE OTHER ENERGY SOURCES

34. Tidal energy is a form of power produced by the natural rise and fall of tides caused by the gravitational interaction between Earth, the sun, and the moon. Tidal currents with sufficient energy for harvesting occur when water passes through a constriction, causing the water to move faster. Suitable locations for capturing tidal energy include those with large differences in tidal range, which is the difference between high tide and low tides, and where tidal channels and waterways become smaller and tidal currents become stronger. Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy. Tidal power is renewable, emits zero carbon emissions, offers predictable energy generation, and has a high power output. However, it is limited by site availability, is expensive, can have environmental impacts, and may not always align with energy demand. TIDAL POWER

35. Wave power, a form of renewable energy in which electricity is generated by harnessing the up-and-down motion of ocean waves. Wave power is typically produced by floating turbine platforms or buoys that rise and fall with the swells. Wave power is useful because wave power does not use up any fuels and so it is a great source of clean, renewable energy source. Globally, some oceans like the pacific ocean are better suited than others for the development of wave energy. Wave power is renewable, emits zero emissions, has significant energy potential, and is reliable. However, it can have environmental effects, faces scalability challenges, and involves high costs. WAVE POWER

36. Geothermal energy is heat within the earth. The word geothermal comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat). Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because heat is continuously produced inside the earth. People use geothermal heat for bathing, for heating buildings, and for generating electricity. This steam or hot liquid then drives turbines that generate electricity before it is reinjected back into the reservoir. Geothermal energy is a reliable power source with a small land footprint, suitable for both large and small-scale installations, and benefits from an expanding industry and long-lasting infrastructure. However, it is location-dependent, has high initial costs, and can lead to surface instability. GEOTHERMAL POWER

37. Biofuel is defined as “liquid, solid, or gaseous fuel produced by conversion of biomass such as bioethanol from sugar cane or corn, charcoal or woodchips, and biogas from anaerobic decomposition of wastes” (OECD, 2002). Biofuel, any fuel that is derived from biomass that is, plant or algae material or animal waste. Biofuel is considered to be a source of renewable energy, unlike fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels such as oil. Biofuels are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, utilize waste, generate organic fertilizer, require less land, reduce greenhouse emissions, and offer a healthy cooking alternative for developing areas. However, they contain impurities, rely on agriculture, may increase food prices, pose health and safety risks, and have limited production capacity. BIOFUEL

38. A machine that converts one form of energy into another, especially mechanical energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo, or electrical energy into sound, as an acoustic generator. An electric generator is a device that converts a form of energy into electricity. Most electricity generation is from generators that are based on scientist Michael Faraday's discovery in 1831. Generators offer power generation flexibility, backup power supply, quick power availability, energy source flexibility, economic benefits, and are essential for emergency and disaster preparedness. However, they are fuel-dependent, have environmental impacts, limited lifespan, safety considerations, and limited efficiency. GENERATORS

39. Alternative energy sources offer promising solutions to address the challenges of climate change, energy security, and sustainability. Embracing renewables such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biofuels, and other emerging technologies can reduce dependence on fossil fuels, mitigate environmental degradation, and foster economic development. While each energy source has its advantages and limitations, continued research, innovation, and investment are crucial for maximizing their potential and accelerating the transition towards a cleaner, more resilient energy future

40. THANKS FOR LISTENING!

41. REFERENCES https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/how-hydropower-works#:~:text=Hydropower%2C%20or%20hydroelectric%20power%2C%20is,or%20other%20body%20of%20water. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/flow-water-produces-hydroelectricity https://www.energysage.com/about-clean-energy/hydropower/pros-cons-hydropower/ https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/magat-philippines https://sanroquepower.ph/ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulangi_Dam https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/power-plant-profile-kalayaan-pumped-storage-philippines/ https://www.smcglobalpower.com.ph/our-business-power-generation?slug=angat-hydroelectric-power-plant&p=4 https://www.pnnl.gov/explainer-articles/tidal-energy#:~:text=Tidal%20energy%20is%20a%20form,the%20water%20to%20move%20faster. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/tidal-energy/ https://u.osu.edu/engr2367publicdocument/currents-tides-2/how-does-it-work/#:~:text=A%20tidal%20turbine%20utilizes%20the,produce%20large%20amounts%20of%20energy. https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/tidal-energy-pros-and-cons https://www.philstar.com/business/science-and-environment/2022/06/24/2189943/energies-ph-inc-all-set-harness-energy-southeast-asias-first-tidal-power-plant https://www.britannica.com/science/wave-power https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zmpj8hv#:~:text=Wave%20power%20does%20not%20use,of%20electricity%20from%20wave%20power. https://www.vedantu.com/evs/facts-about-wave-energy https://bkvenergy.com/learning-center/what-is-wave-energy/ https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/wave-energy-pros-and-cons https://www.ijcoe.org/article_152614.html https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/#:~:text=Geothermal%20energy%20is%20heat%20within,buildings%2C%20and%20for%20generating%20electricity. https://www.energy.gov/eere/geothermal/electricity-generation#:~:text=Geothermal%20power%20plants%20draw%20fluids,reinjected%20back%20into%20the%20reservoir. https://www.energysage.com/about-clean-energy/geothermal/pros-cons-geothermal-energy/ https://www.nrel.gov/research/re-geo-elec-production.html#:~:text=Geothermal%20power%20plants%20use%20steam,more%20below%20the%20earth's%20surface.&text=The%20steam%20rotates%20a%20turbine,a%20generator%2C%20which%20produces%20electricity.

42. QUIZ Identification: 1. It is known as water power. 2. It is the ability to do work 3. What device converts a form of energy into electricity? 4. What form of power is produced by the natural rise and fall of tides? 5. What energy sources are those that can be replenished naturally over a short period.