Amblyopia- evaluation and its management

amblyopia- its clinical evaluation and management strategies

1. Amblyopia – Examination and Management Clinical understanding of amblyopia and its management

2. Pathophysiology & Visual Development • Normal vision requires equal visual input to both eyes. • Disruption during critical period (birth to 8 years) → amblyopia. • Abnormal cortical visual processing due to suppression of one eye.

3. Clinical Examination Steps 1. Visual acuity testing (Snellen, LEA, or Cardiff charts). 2. Cycloplegic refraction to detect anisometropia. 3. Ocular alignment tests (cover test). 4. Fundus examination to rule out organic pathology.

4. Treatment & Management Approaches • Correct refractive error first. • Occlusion therapy (patching 2–6 hours/day). • Pharmacologic penalization – atropine in good eye. • Vision training or perceptual learning activities.

5. Prognosis & Prevention • Better outcome with early detection (before age 7). • Regular screening in preschool years. • Compliance with therapy is crucial for success. • Recurrence possible – regular follow-up needed.