Amensalism

Ecological interaction
ppt by Sanduni Madarasinghe

1. Sanduni K. Madarasinghe University of Ruhuna Amensalism : An ecological interaction

2. “Study of the inter-relationship between biotic and abiotic component as well as the relationships among the individuals of the biotic component” Ecology Biotic factor Abiotc factor Inter-relationships Competition Neutralism Commensalism Amensalism Mutualism Predation, Parasitism, Herbivory Matter Energy Plants and animals 2

3. Types of Interactions Type Effect on Species 1 Effect on Species 2 Amensalism - Neutralism Commensalism + Competition - - Mutualism + + Predation, Parasitism, Herbivory - + 3

4. Amensalism A ny relationship between organisms of different species in which one organism is inhibited or destroyed while the other organism remains unaffected 4

5. Example 1: Penicillium secrete penicillin, a chemical that kills bacteria Penicillium sp. Penicillium sp. cultured with a bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ) 5 Penicillium Staphylococcus

6. Example 2: Allelopathy involves the production and release of chemical substances by one species that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms These allelochemicals seem to have no direct use in metabolism 6

7. Examples for Allelopathy : Black Walnut ( Juglans nigra ) trees excrete juglone , that inhibit the growth of nearby trees , shrubs, grasses, and herbs The leaf litter and root exudates of some  Eucalyptus   species are allelopathic for certain soil microbes and plant species 7

8. 8 Casuarina equisetifolia litter completely suppresses germination of understory plants

9. References A text book of Plant Ecology (R.S. Ambasht ) A text book of Plant Ecology (R.S. Shukla ) http:// www.allelopathyjournal.org http:// csip.cornell.edu/Projects/CEIRP/AR/Allelopathy.htm Daizy R. Batish , Harminder Pal Singh (1998) Role of Allelopathy in Regulating the Understorey Vegetation of Casuarina e quisetifolia . Environmental Forest Science, Vol.54 (Forestry Sciences) pp 317-323 9

10. 10 Thank You !