Amin zidan-classification of road network.pptx

Classification of road network

1. Classification Of Road Network In European Countries By : Amin Mohamed Amin Zidan

2. Our team Amin Zidan Anyone Can Deal With Victory, Only The Mighty Can Bear Defeat.

3. Table of contents Hierarchy of road network Introduction A bit of history Historical overview (Literature review) Classification Analysis of road network

4. Operation of road network Conclusions Future road network Table of contents References

5.   -The saying refers to the vast network of roads built up during the course of Rome’s history, which stretched for more than  400,000 km at the height of the Roman Empire. These roads connected the capital with all parts of its empire—from Scotland in the north to Egypt in the south; from Portugal in the west to Syria in the east. All roads lead to Rome !

6. Introduction A bit of history Rome’s network of roads at the height of the Roman Empire, during the reign of Hadrian (117 – 138 CE)

7. Introduction Road networks are observed in terms of its components of accessibility, connectivity, traffic density, level of service, compactness, and density of particular roads (Mannering, Walter, and Scott, 2004) In general term, Road Network consists of nodes at intersection and links connecting the intersection which are categorized into primary and/or secondary roads known as arterial and/or minor roads respectively

8. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

9. Historically, people have travelled and goods have been moved from one place to another By water , i.e. initially using animals (in the early 19th century) and then steam-, oil- or electric-powered locomotives to pull passenger carriages and goods wagons by rail , i.e. using (since early times) ships and boats on seas, rivers and canals ; By road walking and riding, using humans and various beasts to carry goods or to pull sleds, carts, carriages and wagons, and (since the late 19th century) using cycles and motor vehicles such as cars, buses and lorries; by air i.e. using airships and airplanes (in the 20th century). HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

10. - The first 'professional' road network-makers was Roman road system , which consist of 29 major roads radiating from Rome to the outermost fringes of the Empire (totaled 78000 km ). HISTORICAL OVERVIEW - The roads were commonly constructed at least 4.25 m wide to enable two chariots to pass with ease . - Overall, the first 40 years of the 20th century were years of evolutionary development rather than revolutionary change for roads. - Initially, the emphasis was on 'laying the dust' using, mainly, tar and bitumen surfacing, and then on reconstructing existing roads.

11. The first means of land transportation Means of land transportation are those which operate by means of and vehicles which travel on the solid surface of the land. Such as, for example: Car Bicycle Train Bus Motorbike Underground

12. A Classification HIERARCHY OF ROAD NETWORK A safe and efficient road network combines the various types of roads in a hierarchical form thus facilitating the stepped adjustment of driving techniques from arterial routes to the domestic environment.

13. Based On Location and Function Non-urban roads Urban roads Rural roads Expressways Arterial Other district roads National highways Sub-arterial State highways Collector street Village roads Major district roads Local street

14. Classification Of Non Urban Roads Expressways purpose of expressways would be to cater for motility of large volumes of motor traffic at high speeds State Highways These include main arterial routes of any state connecting district headquarters and major cities in the state and connecting these with National Highways of the neighbouring states. Other District Roads They're streets serving non-urban areas of production and providing them with outlet to market centres,taluka/ tehsil headquarters or other main roads National Highways These include main highways running throughout the distance and breadth of the country connection major parts, highways of adjoining countries, State capitals, large commercial and tourist centres etc Major District Roads They are essential roads with a district serving parts of production and markets, and linking these together or while using the main highways

15. HIERARCHY OF ROAD NETWORK Classification Of Urban Roads collector roads Arterial roads shorter than Arterial routes but longer than Local Roads Local streets all remaining roadways are classified as Local Roads motorways, express roads, and other roads

16. Arterial Roads Arterial roads primarily serve long-distance travel and are typically designed as either access controlled or partially access controlled facilities with limited locations at which vehicles can enter or exit the roadway (typically via on- or off-ramps) Intersection of  E42  and  E451  near  Frankfurt Airport The  European route E90  near  Torregrotta , Italy An aerial view of the  European route E12  between the cities of  Tampere  and  Helsinki  in  Finland

17. Features

18. Road Features Through traffic movements Line haul public transport task Longer distance traffic movements Regional cycle movements (off road)

19. Collector roads As their name implies, Collectors “collect” traffic from Local Roads and connect traffic to Arterial roadways. the Lakalaiva interchange in the  Tampere Ring Road near city of  Tampere The collector road in Germany An aerial view of the collector road in England

20. Features

21. Road Features Access to public transport Local cycle movements Direct access to properties Pedestrian movements carry traffic having a trip end within the specific area

22. Local roads Local Roads are often classified by default. In other words, once all Arterials and Collector roadways have been identified, all remaining roadways are classified as Local Roads An aerial view of the local roads in Finland The typical local roads in Europe An aerial view of the local roads in France

23. Features

24. Road Features Direct access to properties Pedestrian movements Local cycle movements

25. Based on Loading 01 02 03 class class class 04 class 70 R AA A B Carry 70 tonnes of Load at 30m interval. Carry 70 tonnes of Load at 90 m interval. Carry extreme loads on permanent roads. Carry little lesser loads than Class A roads.

26. Based on Traffic Traffic Traffic Density Character of Traffic Designed Speed Number of Vehicles using the road Type of vehicle using that road Based on Speed of the vehicle

27. ANALYSIS OF ROAD NETWORK The analysis of the road network involves the recognition of the patterns and qualities of the roads Many techniques had earlier been used in analyzing road network patterns namely, connectivity, shortest path spanning tree, and minimum cost spanning tree from graph theory to facilitate structural analysis and road selection in the road networks. Modern techniques introduced for the explanation of the effects of accessibility on property values range from geographically weighted regression technique, multinomial logit models to geo-spatial analysis adopting the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) One of the techniques to ensure detailed analysis of the road network pattern is the graph theory.

28. Road network in Europe # Country Motorway Paved Unpaved Total 1 Ukraine 199 166,095 3,599 169,496 2 Turkey 3,633 177,550 249,356 426,906 3 Switzerland 1,859 71,555 71,454 4 Sweden 2,050 579,564 579,564 5 Spain 17,228 683,175 683,175 6 Slovenia 623 38,985 38,985 7 Slovakia 622 38,085 5,676 43,761 8 Serbia 925 30,171 15,248 45,419 9 Russia 1,602 1,063,908 412,000 1,507,751 10 Romania 981 68,551 17,840 86,391

29. ROAD NETWORK OPERATIONS

30. ROAD NETWORK OPERATIONS Main areas of activity can be identified in Road Network Operations: Network monitoring Network operations Traffic control Demand management Traveller and road user services Road Network Operations (RNO) cover all traffic monitoring, traffic management and road user support activities intended to permit, improve or facilitate the use of an existing road network, whatever its conditions of use

31. ROAD NETWORK OPERATIONS Increasingly, opportunities exist to provide these services to customers through technological innovations arising from Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) . To achieve these outcomes it is vital that we engage with all of our road network partners. Road Network Operations concerns all activities directly related to the concept of providing services for all users of the network In achieving sustainable Road Network Operations it is imperative that the performance of the road network is considered as part of an integrated transport system

32. FUTURE ROAD NETWORKS The society of 2040 expects

33. FUTURE ROAD NETWORKS Reliable Infrastructure Safe and Smart Infrastructure standing for optimising the availability of infrastructure standing for optimising flows of traffic of all categories of road users and safe road construction working Green (environmentally-friendly) Infrastructure Human (-friendly) Infrastructure , standing for reducing the environmental impact of traffic and infrastructure on the sustainable society standing for harmonising infrastructure with the human

34. Mobile app Better information has the power to unlock more value from our road networks. Already, drivers can get information about their journeys using the internet, Smartphone applications and a dedicated customer information line, allowing them to plan ahead. Traffic information can be delivered into the vehicle, keeping drivers aware of changes to the network’s status while they travel.

35. By 2040, experts expect a world of connected vehicles and road users in road networks, where ‘ semi-autonomous ’ and ‘ autonomous ’ control of vehicles will be part of life. Vehicles will communicate not only with the road infrastructure, but increasingly with each other within a network of advanced roads. Innovative ways to make vehicles cooperate with one another, such as the ‘ platooning ’ approach for heavy vehicles on strategic roads, have the potential to make our road networks work better for everyone.

36. Oh, Thank God ! Conclusion

37. - This means that we are potentially on the verge of a great change in the way that we use our roads, and in the way that roads affect our economy and quality of life. - Therefore, advanced technologies is needed to deliver huge benefits for individual users and for the road network as a whole in the future. “ Managing our road networks, better to drive economic growth, boost innovation and give road users more for their money ”- Alan Cook, November 2011 CONCLUSION

38. REFERENCES A historical overview of the development of the road C.A. O'Flaherty Spring relaxing landscape with trees in sunny day Lay, M.G., Ways of the World. Sydney: Primavera Press, 1993. Pannell, J.P.M., An Illustrated History of Civil Engineering. London: Thames and Hudson, 1964. A Four Level Road Hierarchy For Network, Planning And Management. Eppell , J.M. Bunker And B.A. Mcclurg ; 20th ARRB Conference, Melbourne. Highway Functional Classification: Concepts, Criteria And Procedures; 2013 Edition US Department Of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration Main Roads Western Australia; Road Network Operations Strategy, 2006-2010 Smarter Roads, Better Journeys  Action for Roads, A network for the 21st century, July 2013 Department for transportation, UK.

39. REFERENCES Rodrique , J.P. and T. Noteboom (2013): The Geography of Transport Systems. 3rd Edition. Different people and organisations value travel time in different ways, depending on many factors such as income, goal of the trip,socialbackground,etc .) Miller, T., M. Galbraith, and B Lawrence (1998): Costs and Benefits of a Community Sobriety Checkpoint Program. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 59(4),462-468. In: Rose, A. & S. Chatterjee (2011):Benefits and Costs of Counter-Terrorism Security Measures in Urban Areas. Research sponsor: Department of Homeland Security,p.10 Security of Road Transport Networks (FP7/2007-2013)  Sharpe, L. (2012):Highway security measures are hardly ever cost-effective. Engineering &Technology Magazine. Online:http :// eandt.theiet.org /news/2012/ oct / highwa y-security.cfm Department of Environment, Community and Local Government (2012) *Spatial Planning and National Roads'[Internet] Available at:

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