Amur carp.pptx introduction taxonomic status

Amur carp.pptx introduction taxonomic status breeding history origin morphology characters breeding seed production

1. Amur carp Submitted to – dr.Sachin onkar khairnar Submitted by – Rubalpreet kaur

2. Outline Introduction Taxonomic status Breeding history Origin Morphological description Characters of amur carp Breeding Seed production References

3. Introduction Amur carp belongs to large freshwater fish Family Cyprinidae . It is widespread in eastern Asia, native to china , Korea, Russia, Vietnam and Laos from the Amur to Red River basins, and has also been introduced outside its native range. Amur carp has the maximum contribution to freshwater fishery than any other species worldwide. The Amur wild carp is characterised with an outstanding food conversion rate and excellent ability to utilise natural food. The best growth is obtained at water temperature of 23-30°C, the fish can survive cold winter periods Stocking is recommended for lakes and water reservoirs for the purposes of sport fishing.

4. Taxonomic status The taxonomic position of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus according to Kuznetsov et al., (2011) is given below: Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Vertebrata Order : Cypriniformes Family : Cyprinidae Genus : Cyprinus Species : carpio Sub-species : haematopterus Common name : Amur common carp/Amur carp

5. Breeding history The Amur wild carp is an ancient form, that originated from the Asian carp centre and spread to the water bodies of western Asia. During the centuries, after settling in the river Amur, this carp adapted to the local environmental conditions. It was brought into the gene bank of FCRI in 1982 from the Russian National Fisheries Research Institute. It has no breeding history as it is an ancient wild fish.

6. Origin District : Siberia (River Amur) Area of fish farm : River Amur in Asia region Maintenance : Fish Culture Research Institute (FCRI), Szarvas , Hungary Identification : Fin clipping, index Am, individual PIT tag Introduced into FCRI : 1982 Developed : Originally wild form from river Amur

7. Morphological description Scaliness-full scaled Colour- silvery white Lateral line – regular, irregular forms in 5% Fins – regular Malformations – 0.7%

8. Characters of Amur carp Faster growth (27% faster than the existing stock) Late maturing Accepts artificial feed and feeding habit similar to common carp. Lesser disease susceptibility. Slender body and smaller belly compared to existing common carp.

9. Breeding genetically improved variety of Amur common carp on a trial basis under mid hill conditions, in March 2011 when the atmospheric temperature varied between 16-18.30 C. The female attained full maturity at the age of 14 months while the male matured earlier at the age of 9 months. Initially, one set of genetically improved common carp comprising one fully mature female and three mature males were kept in hapa fixed in a 0.40 ha fish pond. The fertilized eggs took about 78-83 h to hatch. Water temperature 19-22 degree C water pH 6.5 and 6.8.

10. Thereafter, several trials were conducted with one selected female and 2-3 males to produce seeds of the improved strain of common carp through simple hapa breeding method. February to April -ideal spawning period March being the peak period for seed production of Amur common carp. Source - S. K. DAS Division of Fisheries, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam , Umroi Road, Barapani -793 103 Meghalaya, India e-mail: [email protected]

11. Seed production Common carp is relatively easy to breed. The healthy parents were selected and used at the ratio of 1 female : 2-3 males for hatchlings production using standard nylon hapa fixed in 0.40 ha stocking pond of the institute’s fish farm. The fish attained full maturity in 13 months at an average size of 400 g. The fish responded to the environmental conditions and laid adhesive eggs. No exogenous hormone was applied for breeding. Nylon rope filaments were used as substrate for egg attachment. On day 4 post-hatch, the spawn were transferred to well prepared nursery ponds (0.02 ha) for fingerling production

12. Feeding Amur carp has greater practical significance in low-input aquaculture system due to better growth performance than other fishes. Live feed is easily acceptable for the fry stage,its nutritional requirement of fish was compensated by formulated feed as it contains a good amout of dietry components .

13. Harvesting Carps are usually raised in the undrainable drainage ponds with long harvesting ditches. It should be removed slowly during harvesting. Because carp tend to swim inward, small amount of water is poured into a pond near the drainage site to concentrate the fish.

14. Growth performance of amur carp Species Growth rate Amur carp 237.24g and 24.06 cm Catla 153.91 g and 21.68 cm Rohu 130.16 g and 20.89 cm

15. References References: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y2406E/y2406e04.htm#bm4.1 ) Kohlmann, K. (2015). The natural history of common carp and common carp genetics.  Biology and Ecology of Carp , 3-26. Liang, L., Chang, Y., He, X., & Tang, R. (2015). Transcriptome analysis to identify cold-responsive genes in amur carp ( Cyprinus carpio haematopterus ).  PLoS One ,  10 (6), e0130526.