an assignment on entrepreneurship and types

an assignment on entrepreneurship and types

1. An Assignment on Course : PHM 510, Marketing and Entrepreneurships , 2(1+1) SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Minakshi Meshram Dept. Of Agricultural Extension SUBMITTED BY: Deepak Patel I.D. 120120232946 M.Sc. (Hort.) Previous Year 2 nd Sem. Dept. of Post Harvest Technology Entrepreneurship — Concept, need for entrepreneurship — Types of entrepreneurs -entrepreneurial opportunities in horticultural processing sector-Government schemes and incentives for promotion of Entrepreneurship in processing sector MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE & FORESTRY, SANKRA, DURG (C.G) Pt. K.L.S. College of Horticulture and Research Station Rajnandgaon SESSION: 2023-24

2. Entrepreneurship   Meaning : French word ' entreprendre ’ Concept : Entrepreneurship is an Innovative function leadership rather than an Ownership The process of innovation may be the form of – Introduction of a new product. Use of a new method of production opening of a new market The new source of supply raw materials   Defination Function based Acc. to Joseph Entrepreneurship is innovative function it is an leadership rather than an ownership. Innovation based Acc. to prof. Rao & Mehta Entrepreneurship can be described as creative and innovative response to the environment. Entrepreneurs + Enterprises = Entrepreneurship

3. Need for Entrepreneurship 1. Employment generated 2 Additional Income generated 3 Productivity generated 4. Development of New market 5 Establishments of new Industrial 6 Development of New products

4.   Characteristics of Entrepreneurship: Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make entrepreneurship successful. A few of them are mentioned below: Ability to take a risk- Starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure risk. Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks, which is an essential part of being an entrepreneur. I nnovation - It should be highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn profits out of it. Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market

5. Visionary and Leadership quality - To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision of his new venture. However, to turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are required. Here, leadership quality is paramount because leaders impart and guide their employees towards the right path of success. Open-Minded - In a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the benefit of a company. For example, Paytm recognized the gravity of demonetization and acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilized the situation and expanded massively during this time. Flexible - An entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation. To be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a product and service, as and when needed.   Risk-bearing: Entrepreneurs are the persons who take decisions under uncertainty and Thus they are willing to take risk, but they never gamble with the results. They choose Moderate risk rather than play wild gamble. They, therefore, undertake calculated risk which is high enough to be exciting, but with a fairly reasonable chance to win.

6. Creative and Innovators : Successful entrepreneurs are innovators. They constantly put their efforts in introducing new products, new method of production, opening new markets and reorganizing the enterprise.     Different Types of Entrepreneurs   Classification by Clarence H. Danhof   Innovative Entrepreneur An  innovative entrepreneur  is visionary and seeks new opportunities to create and develop groundbreaking ideas, products, or services. They are known for their ability to think creatively, take calculated risks, and disrupt traditional business models.  Example:  Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, who revolutionized the electric vehicle and space exploration industries.  

7. Imitative Entrepreneur An  imitative entrepreneur  is an individual who focuses on replicating existing business ideas, products, or services with minor modifications or adaptations. They are skilled at identifying and duplicating successful business models in different markets or contexts. While imitative entrepreneurs may lack novelty, they can still succeed by capitalizing on proven concepts.  Example:  Franchise owners who replicate established brand concepts and operate multiple outlets.   Fabian Entrepreneur A  Fabian entrepreneur  adopts a cautious and incremental approach to entrepreneurship. They tend to proceed gradually, making calculated decisions and mitigating risks as they progress. Fabian entrepreneurs prioritize stability and long-term sustainability over rapid growth. They carefully analyze market conditions, customer demands, and resource availability before making strategic moves.  Example:  A small business owner who gradually expands their operations, carefully considering market trends and customer feedback.   Drone Entrepreneurs Drone entrepreneurs  are another type of entrepreneur. These individuals resist embracing new opportunities and fail to capitalize on them. They adhere to conventional methods and are unwilling to adapt their production processes, even if it

8.   On the Basis of Business Type   Business Entrepreneur Business entrepreneurs start and manage businesses in various sectors. They identify market opportunities, develop business plans, and create sustainable enterprises. Example:  Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder of Facebook, is a prominent business entrepreneur who revolutionized social networking and built one of the most successful technology companies in the world. Trading Entrepreneur Trading entrepreneurs are involved in buying and selling goods or services. They operate in the realm of trade and play a crucial role in connecting producers and consumers. Example:  Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, started as a trading entrepreneur by establishing an online bookstore.   Industrial Entrepreneur Industrial entrepreneurs are involved in manufacturing and industrial sectors. They set up factories, developed production processes, and produced goods on a large scale. Example:  Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, is an industrial entrepreneur who has significantly contributed to the electric vehicle and space exploration industries.

9. Corporate Entrepreneur Corporate or entrepreneurs exhibit entrepreneurial characteristics within existing organizations. They drive innovation, develop new products or services, and identify growth opportunities for the company. Example:  Google’s “20% time” policy allows employees to work on personal projects, fostering a culture of corporate entrepreneurship   Agricultural Entrepreneur Agricultural entrepreneurs are involved in agricultural activities, including farming, livestock production, and agribusiness. They focus on optimizing agricultural practices and finding innovative solutions to meet the needs of the farming industry. Example:  Joel Salatin , a sustainable farmer and advocate for regenerative agriculture, is an agricultural entrepreneur known for his innovative farming methods. He has developed practices that prioritize soil health and animal welfare.    On the Basis of Technology   Technical Entrepreneurs Technical entrepreneurs possess specialized technical knowledge or skills in a specific field or industry. They leverage their expertise to develop innovative products, services, or solutions.

10. Non-Technical Entrepreneur Non-technical entrepreneurs may not possess specialized technical knowledge but excel in other areas such as business management, marketing, finance, or leadership. They focus on identifying market opportunities, building teams, and creating successful businesses. Example:  Oprah Winfrey is a non-technical entrepreneur who built a media empire. While she did not have a technical background. On the Basis of Motivation   Social Entrepreneur A  social entrepreneur  is someone who starts a business to solve social problems. Instead of just making a profit, they focus on making a positive impact on society. They develop innovative solutions to issues like poverty, education, and environmental sustainability, aiming to improve the world. Example:  Anshu Gupta, founder of Goonj in India, exemplifies social entrepreneurship by repurposing urban surplus for rural needs, addressing clothing scarcity and boosting dignity among the underprivileged. His innovative model recycles waste, bridges urban-rural gaps, and showcases the power of

11.   Spontaneous Entrepreneur A spontaneous entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business or engages in entrepreneurial activities based on initiative and personal motivation rather than being prompted or influenced by external factors. These entrepreneurs have an inherent drive and desire to create and innovate, often pursuing their passions or identifying opportunities independently. Example:  Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder of Facebook, can be considered a spontaneous entrepreneur. He started Facebook while he was a student at Harvard University, driven by his passion for connecting people and creating a social networking platform.   Induced Entrepreneur An induced entrepreneur enters entrepreneurial activities due to external factors or influences. These factors could include government policies, incentives, market conditions, or economic circumstances. Induced entrepreneurship often arises in response to specific opportunities or external stimuli. Example:  In response to government initiatives and incentives promoting renewable energy, an individual starts a solar panel installation company. The entrepreneur was induced to enter

12. Motivated Entrepreneur A motivated entrepreneur is an individual who is driven by a specific motive or purpose to start and run a business. This motive could be financial gain, personal fulfilment, social impact, or a combination of factors. Motivated entrepreneurs are deeply committed to achieving their goals and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources. Example:  Anita Roddick, the founder of The Body Shop, was a motivated entrepreneur driven by her strong commitment to ethical and sustainable business practices.     Entrepreneur   Definition Acc.to oxford dictionary – An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business Venture and is responsible for its development     Characteristics of Entrepreneur Mental ability Clear Objectives Human relations Technical knowledge  

13. Entrepreneurial opportunities in horticultural processing sector-Government schemes : 1 . Mega Food Park- Providing mechanism to link agricultural production market by bringing together farmers, processors and retailers to ensure maximizing value Addition, minimizing wastages, increasing farmers’ income and creating Employment opportunities particularly in the rural sector. This is based on “Cluster” approach and envisages a well-defined agri /horticultural-processing   Farmer groups Self Help Groups Individual farmers    

14. 2. Cold chain Description The objective of cold chain, value addition and preservation infrastructure is to provide integrated cold chain and preservation infrastructure facilities Without any break from farm gate to consumer.   Individual, groups of entrepreneurs, cooperative societies, Self Help Groups   3. Modernization of Abattoirs This is a comprehensive scheme, which includes establishment of modern abattoirs and modernization of existing abattoirs. Modernization of abattoirs will also include up-scaling of infrastructure of existing abattoirs. For modernization of meat shop, grant in aid is extended Munciple corporation and panchayat Public secter  

15. Research and development ,quality assurance , cordex and promotional activity – Quality and food safety have become a competitive edge in global market. Total Quality Management (TQM) such as quality control, quality system and quality assurance should function in a horizontal fashion for total success. R&D is an important area where focused attention is related to improvement of production, quality, consumer safety and public health.     National Mission on Food Processing (NMFP) Description Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) for implementation through State Governments. A number of schemes which were implemented by subsumed with the Mission. This envisages establishment of a National Mission as well as corresponding Missions in State and District level.     Entrepreneurial opportunities in horticultural processing sector –   Scheme for establishing nursery- Planting material by promoting setting of seion annet noot stoce and mother plant nursary

16. 02) Dietary Supplement industry Emerging problem rapid poultry life style health issue disease and disorder 03 Value addition- additing Volume of raw product 4) waxing of fruits & Vegetable 5) Dehydrated Vegetable and spices 06) minimally processed products      

17. Reference Mandal sagar ,Ray GL Textbook on Rural development Entrepreneurship and communication skills page no.400