AN Enzymes-pp CSEC BIOLOGY NOTES(1).pptx

notes on enzymes

1. The Wacky World of ENZYMES

2. Review of Biochemistry Organic vs. Inorganic Organic Compounds Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids

3. Enzymes greatly increase the rate at which reactions take place WHAT DO ENZYMES DO? WOW! That reaction is really fast!

4. Enzymes Enzymes are proteins Enzymes are very specific One enzyme, One function! The substance that an enzyme changes is called a substrate .

5. SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT ENZYMES: Each chemical reaction requires a specific enzyme Enzymes can be used over and over again - Recycle!! Example: digestion of food

6. Other Interesting Enzyme Facts: They are made of protein They work because they have a specific shape…works like a lock and key!

7. Enzyme Reactions Digestion- Breaking down molecules Synthesis- Building up molecules

8. How Enzymes Work On the surface of the enzyme is a region called an active site . The substrate will bond to the active site of the enzyme, then break into smaller “pieces”. Works like a “lock and key”.

9. Digestion Synthesis Building Blocks Food Energy Cell Parts

10. AN ENZYME REACTION:

11. WHEN DOES THE ACTUAL REACTION OCCUR? When the substrate binds to the enzyme…A.K.A. THE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX

12. Naming Enzymes Add -ase to the end of the substrate Substrate = maltose Enzyme = maltase

13. More Examples:

14. Factors Influencing Enzyme Action

15. Factors Affecting Enzyme Action 1) Amount and concentration of enzyme/substrate 2) Extreme Temperature 3) pH – Too acidic or basic

16. Factors Affecting Enzyme Action

17. Temperature Enzyme Activity Temperature Optimum Temperature 10 20 30 40

18. pH Enzyme Activity pH Optimum pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

19. Enzyme Concentration Enzyme Activity Enzyme Concentration Little A lot Tons

20. Ninja -Enzyme Bad Guys -Substrate Oh No! I’m out numbered

21. Now, We’re in trouble! There are more Ninjas

22. Substrate Concentration Enzyme Activity Substrate Concentration Little A lot Tons

23. Denaturation- an enzyme shape is changed and can no longer do its job.

24. Enzyme Haiku Enzymes do cool stuff They increase reaction rates Without them, we’d die