An insight into the applications of Pathya Kalpana

A guideline into the various ayurvedic dietary regimens for a disease free healthy life

1. An insight into applications of Pathya Kalpana Dr Praveen Guleria Professor Deptt of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana SKSS Ayurvedic Medical College Sarabha , Ludhiana

2. Definition of Pathya The dietary articles and activities that do not adversely affect the body systems and are liked by the mind are regarded as  pathya  (wholesome) F ood articles and drugs do have a variety of effects depending on the dosage, time, mode of preparation, geographical location, the body constitution of the patient, and  doshas . पथ्यं पथोऽनपेतं यद्यच्चोक्तं मनसः प्रियम् मात्राकालक्रियाभूमिदेहदोषगुणान्तरम्   ( Charak Samhita)

3. Pathya = Chikitsa चिकित्सितं व्याधिहरं पथ्यं साधनमौषधम्| प्रायश्चित्तं प्रशमनंप्रकृतिस्थापनं हितम्||३|| pathya For healthy individuals For diseased individuals Ahara / kritanna kalpana Pathya Kalpana aushadh siddha jala used as the base

4. Aaharo Mahabhaishajyam Kashyap Samhita K h. 4/6 Ahara sthitikaaranam - cause of stability of all the life forms Praninam prandharanam - sustains the life of living beings Annamatrena narah kartum niramyah - with food alone one c an cure the patient Bheshajoppannne niraharo na shakyte - without diet even medicine does not work Thus ahara is considered the greatest medicament by the physicians.

5. Pathya as Kalpana is undermined??? Significance of pathya and apathya is well known Kalpana part is of t en neglected Taken as already understood by the patient or the healthy individual Most of the times the regimen is followed only in case of panchkarma procedures In routine setups the patient is just told to have a light diet…. The jurisdiction of lightness left to the patient and attendants

6. The reach of Pathya kalpana Besides the pharmacy, the kitchen of any indoor hospital should be fortified with the basic drugs along with a person having the desired knowledge of the pathya kalpas as well as the drugs and their properties For the students of Ayurveda the concept of pathya as a Kalpana should be very clear they will have an outreach to the basic pharmacy in every home : the kitchen, fortifying the traditional preparations with the classical ayurvedic knowledge can play a key role in maintaining as well as regaining the health

7. The Concept of Agni बलमारोग्यमायुश्चप्राणाश्चाग्नौप्रतिष्ठिताः । अन्नपानेन्धनैश्चाग्निर्ज्वलतिव्येतिचान्यथा ॥३४२ ॥Ch S u 27 Strength, health, longevity and vital breath are dependent on the state of  agni  that burns when fed by the fuel of food and drink or dwindles when deprived of them. [342] तदिन्धनाह्यन्तरग्नेःस्थितिः Wholesome food (and a healthy lifestyle) is the fuel that maintains  agni  (digestion and metabolism process), invigorates the mind, promotes proper distribution of body elements, vitality, complexion, and acuity of the sense-organs .

8. Agni status potentiated by pathya kalpana यथाऽणुरग्निस्तृणगोमयाद्यैः सन्धुक्ष्यमाणो भवति क्रमेण || १२ || महान् स्थिरः सर्वपचस्तथैव शुद्धस्य पेयादिभिरन्तरग्निः | १३ | As a small spark of fire gets kindled into a big and stable flame when gradually provided with dry grass, cow dung etc. similarly  agni  i.e. digestive strength in a purified person becomes strong and stable, capable of digesting all types of food by sequential administration of  peya  (thin gruel) etc.

9. Ushnodak, Aushadhsidha paaniya and Aushadhsidha pathya kalpana

10. Ushnodak=Boiled water??? Water boiled till it is reduced to 1/8,1/4,1/2 or Boiled just to the boiling point During boiling which should be Nirvega (does not come out of the vessel) Nishphena (no froth) Nirmal (clear) Laghu (light in property) Properties vary with the reduction

11. Ushnodak Pharmacological action ज्वरितेभ्यः पानीयमुष्णं …… पाचनार्थं पानीयमुष्णं पीतं वातमनुलोमयति अग्निं चोदर्यमुदीरयति, क्षिप्रं जरां गच्छति, श्लेष्माणं परिशोषयति, स्वल्पमपि च पीतं तृष्णाप्रशमनायोपकल्पते

12. Disease indications for ushnodak Ajirna Naveen jwar Pratishyaya Parshwashool Galgrah Aadhmaan Vatakaphaj vyadhi Aruchi , Grahani , Gulma Kasa , shwas, hikka Vidradhi Snehapana

13. The Paniya Kalpana or aushadhsidha jal nirman Drug = 1part W ater= 64 parts Reduced to half Drug = 4 part Water =64 parts reduced to half Both these to be used on the basis of yukti as to which kind of drug is being used This water is to be used to prepare the various manda , peya or yavagu as per the kritanna definitions The texts mostly indicate the drugs for aushdhsidha jal nirman used for the preparation of yavagu

14. Pathya Kalpana- Aushadh Siddha Ahar Kalp a na Annanam sadhanprakaran kritanna Aushadh siddha jal as base for yavagu , yusha etc. pathya Kalpana Significance of Paniya Kalpana while we design pathya for various diseases We only discuss the ratio of water and rice or other grains these are the baseline guidelines into the mool kalpana but while in disease the aushadh siddha jal to be used.

15. Common Pathya Kalpanas

16. The Consistency of the Final Product in Various Pathya Kalpas Pathya Kalpana Siktha or the solid cooked portion Drava or the liquid portion Manda Without solids Only liquid portion Peya Some amount of solids, the tandula can’t be held in hands Mostly liquid Vilepi Semisolid consistency paste like Almost nil Yavagu Mostly cooked soft rice dispersed uniformly in liquid, can be held with hands Inseperable little liquid portion

17. Manda - Pharmacological properties Agnideepan Vata anuloman S oftens the body channels Stimulates perspiration Esp useful for patients on L anghan and S hodhan Quenches the thirst in Sneha jirna avastha दीपनत्वाल्लघुत्वाच्चमण्डःस्यात्प्राणधारणः

18. Examples Lajamanda Made from puffed rice ( laja ) K ndles the digestive fire Removes the burning sensation and fainting Useful in mandagni as well as vishamagni Can be easily administered to children , females and sukumar prakriti Deepan pachan grahi , useful in jwar and atisar Vatyamanda Made from roasted and powdered godhuma and yava Kapha pittahar Laghu grahi Useful in Shool Aanaah Soothing for the throat Helps in cleansing of rakta and pitta

19. Peya क्षुत्तृष्णाग्लानिदौर्बल्यकुक्षिरोगज्वरापहा। स्वेदाग्निजननीपेयावातवर्चोनुलोमनी॥२५०॥ Thin gruel removes hunger, thirst, weariness , weakness Helps in stomach disorder and fever Induces perspiration S timulates agni Regulates the course of flatus and feces

20. Examples Disease condition Drugs Reference Jwara, Trishna Shunthi Dhanyak A. S. Chi 1 Atisara Haritaki Bilwa A. H. Chi 9 Shwas – Kasa Pippali ajmoda bilwa A. H. Chi 3

21. Vilepi तर्पणीग्राहिणीलघ्वीहृद्याचापिविलेपिका । Thick gruel ( vilepi ) is nourishing , grahi and is light. It is vatanulomak and hridya Pathya , balvardhak Madhur rasa Laghu , deepan Alleviates hunger and thirst Basti shodhan , vrishya Useful in fevers and diarrhea

22. Yavagu Dravabahula Kalpana with tandula as rice, yava shookdhanya Ratio of tandula : water ( aushadhsidha jal ) 1:10/ 1:15/ 1:20 Kashyap Samhita 1:6 Sharangdhar Samhita, Dalhana Yavagu bahusiktha - the gruel which is having cooked rice in more quantity The solid portion can be held with hand Specifications of yavagu : it should not be very thick, very fluid , cold , not having any rice , pichhila , vishad and ahridya Acharya Charak has given a basic guideline in sutrasthan 2 nd chapter यवागूर्विविधौषधाः| विविधानां विकाराणां तत्साध्यानां निवृत्तये||१७||

23. Yavagu in Charak Samhita Sutrasthan 2

24. Pharmcological actions Yavagu Grahi Balya Tarpaniya Vatnashini It has the properties of the drugs which are used to make the medicated water to be used as base 28 types of Yavagu in Charaka Samhita besides the ones in individual disease context

25. Some examples Deepan and shoolhar - panchkol siddha Pachan & grahi- kapith, bilwa, changeri, takra, dadim Hikka shwas har- dashmool siddha Amatisar - atees shunthi , dadim ras Trishna shamak - munakka laja pippali madhu nagarmotha Krishtanashak – varahniryuha Krishtakarak - bharjit godhuma Kriminashak- vidanga, pippalimool, shigru, marich, takra

26. Yusha Kalpana Dravabahul Kalpana without use of Tandula Use of shimbidhanya instead ( moonga , masura , kulatha etc.) Aushadh dravya kalka : Shimbidhanya : water ( Sharangdhar ) ½ karsha : 1pala:1 prastha or 1/8:1:16 Cooked until the pulses are completely cooked/ reduced to ½ or ¼ Quantity of Aushadh dravya kalka varies according to the drug virya ( Yadavji ) Mridu dravya 4 tola Madhya virya 2 tola Tikshana virya 1 tola Decision left with the intellect of the physician

27. Yusha types

28. Akrita Krita Yusha

29. Pharmacological Actions Of Yusha

30. Yusha Health benefit s Traditional recipes CCRAS Yusha is used as a nutritious drink and as adjuvant or vehicle ( anupana ) with medicines. It is easy to digest and less likely to cause bloating, indigestion and flatulence because of green gram and thymol of ajwain Can be used post-surgery, post-delivery to meet protein demands when digestion is weak. It contains less phytic acid so increases body's ability to absorb iron and other minerals. The high fibre and protein levels produce longer satiety times by increasing the satiety hormone cholecystokinin. The presence of large amount of magnesium makes it a potent BP regulator.

31. Some examples (Kashyap Samhita and Sushruta Samhita) Mudga Yusha - Thin gruel from nistush moong mudga manda Thicker consistency mudga yusha Deepan dravya siddha With takramla it is known as Virasika With anar juice and takra - Rochak With amla – Dhatri yusha – kaha pittanashak , grahi Advised as pathya in jwar , daurbalaya , udar roga,bhrama and vatvikar Kulatha yusha – virukshna , gulm , udavarta , tuni pratituni , vatkaphanashak Masoor yusha - With munakka and dadima ras - esp useful in vatvyadhi , laghu ruchikarak

32. Mamsaras Boneless meat + sufficient amount of water to cook it to a soupy consistency 2/4/6/8 parts water added depending on the nature of meat According to Vaidyak Paribhasha Pradeep Aushadh dravya : boneless goat meat :water 1:2:6 reduced to 1/4 th known as Shadang Yusha Bhav Prakash To Ghrita bharjit hingu and haridra add boneless meat cook for some time add salt & water in sufficient quantity and allow to cook until tender the liquid portion is further cooked to desirable consistency, add praksepa dravyas ( veshvar )

33. Mamsaras Pharmacological Actions Nourishing food for those who are wasted, convalescing, emaciated, deficient in semen Enhances strength and complexion It promotes or enhances voice, youth, intelligence, sense-faculties and longevity. If given to those who indulge in constant exercise and women and wine take meat juice daily, they will never fall ill or become weak. Very useful for patients with bone and joint injuries, fevers, patients of kshat and ksheena ( Su )

34. Mamsaras Health benefits CCRAS traditional recipes It gives nourishment to the body by improving digestion and taste. It is rich protein source, mineral reservoir R elieves joint pain due to presence of glucosamine, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin. It improves immune system due to presence of amino acids like proline, arginine, glutamine. It is rich in many amino acids such as cystine, histidine, and glycine and compound-L-Glutamine which may reduce inflammation

35. Anna/ bhakta/ odana Properties: Sudhautam prasrutam ushnam: Ag nideeepak , p athya , t arpan , rochan ,l a ghu Adhautam , s heet : G uru , aruchyam , kaphapradam

36. Krishra / Khichdi Properties first described in Sushruta Samhita Description in Bhavaprakash Tandula 1 part, dal ¼ parts or ½ part Lavan ardrak hingu yuktipurvak Water- 6 parts Properties: Shukrala , Balya , Guru, Kaphapittakarak , Anilnashini , Malmutrakari , Durjara

37. Use of Rice in Pathya kalpana The major content of rice is carbohydrate and starch which is 72-75% starch molecules which are the source of calories in diet prepared from rice. When rice is boiled in water it swells and ruptures, thus released the enzyme like amylases resistant starch acts like soluble fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, thus providing the health benefits. Roberts RL. Composition and taste evaluation of rice milled of different degrees. Journal of food science,1979;44(1):127-129.

38. Researches…..

39. Research… A case study by Kambale et.al. showed that  R ukshana U pakrama   therapy in the form of Takra Siddha Yavagu   (Gruel for adverse effects due to improper administration of ghee) and   Udvartana helped in normalizing lipid profile, reduction of weight; BMI, body circumference and skin fold thickness in case of dyslipidemia . http://www.ayujournal.org/text.asp?2018/39/2/72/250781

40. Conclusion Pathya kalpana has a key role in maintaining the health as well as alleviating the diseases by acting on the Agni …. Agni Vaishamya being the key factor in almost all diseases pathya plays a key role in regulating the digestive fire both as a post operative procedure After Shodhan and for langhan , deepan - pachan in Shaman Chikitsa For use in various disease conditions Aushadhsidha pathya kalpana should be the first choice

41. Thank you