An Introduction to Linguistics.pptx

Linguistics

1. Linguistics

2. Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is a science in the sense that it scientifically studies the rules, systems and principles of human languages . Moreover, it is about the nature and structure of a language, and it gives a systematic, comprehensive, objective, and precise analysis of all its aspects. This does not involve a specific language but all languages in general. Linguistics is a scientific as well as an academic discipline. What is Linguistics? It encompasses not only the study of sound, grammar and meaning, but also the history of language families, how languages are acquired by children and adults, and how language use is processed in the mind and how it is connected to race and gender.

3. Linguistics' purposes One is that it studies the nature of language and tries to establish a theory of language and describe languages in the light of the theory established. The other is that it examines all the forms of language in general and seeks a scientific understanding of the ways in which it is organized to fulfill the needs it serves and the functions it performs in human life.

4. Scope of linguistics • Microlinguistics includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. • Macrolinguistics includes sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, discourse analysis, computational linguistics, cognitive linguistics, applied linguistics.

5. Sound Structure /Form Meaning Phonetics Phonology Pragmatics Morphology Semantics Syntax Microlinguistics

6. Phonetics Morphology Semantics the study of speech and sounds the study of word structure the study of the literal meaning of sentences

7. Phonology Pragmatics Syntax the study of language sound system the study of sentence structure the study of language in context

8. Phonetics is the scientific study of speech sounds. It studies how speech sounds are articulated, transmitted, and received. E.g., [ v ] is pronounced by bringing the lower lip into contact with upper teeth and forcing air out of the mouth while the vocal folds vibrate and nasal cavity is closed off. Phonology is the study of how speech sounds function in a language, it studies the ways speech sounds are organized. It can be seen as the functional phonetics of a particular language. In English, a word never starts with [ kn ] (note that kn ife starts with [ n ] not [ k ]). Morphology is the study of the formation of words. It is a branch of linguistics which breaks words into morphemes. It can be considered as the grammar of words as syntax is the grammar of sentences.

9. Syntax deals with the combination of words into phrases, clauses and sentences. It is the grammar of sentence construction. The book is on the table. * Table book on is the the . I am here. * I are here. Semantics is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning in all its formal aspects. Words have several types of meaning. Pragmatics can be defined as the study of language in use. It deals with how speakers use language in ways which cannot be predicted from linguistic knowledge alone, and how hearers arrive at the intended meaning of speakers. E.g., It is hot in here! can be used either to state a fact or to get someone open a window .

10. Macrolinguistics

11. M a crolinguistics Psycholinguistics:  The psychological aspects of Language & Linguistics Sociolinguistics:  The study of the impact of society on Language & Linguistics Applied Linguistics:  The study of real-life applications of Linguistics Computational Linguistics:  The study of spoken and written language in computations & programming Comparative Linguistics : The study of similar and dissimilar aspects of common-origin languages Historical Linguistics : The study of evolution and origins of Languages Stylistics : The study and interpretation of style and tones in Languages https://leverageedu.com/blog/branches-of-linguistics/

12. Applied Linguistics Applied Linguistics is a branch of linguistics that is involved in the identification, investigation and providing solutions for real-life issues relating to language. It is an interdisciplinary field, drawing knowledge from different academic fields like  psychology ,  sociology ,  anthropology  etc. Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the effect of society or social factors on language. It is involved in the study of the effects and interactions between language and different social factors like ethnicity, social class, gender, cultural norms etc.

13. Findings of the Study Thank You