ANAEMIA ABNOMALITIES AND ITS CLASSIFICATION.pptx

ANAEMIA CLASSIFICATION

1. A Presentation on: Anaemia & it’s Classification. Blood Transfusion Blood Group Erythroblastosis Foetalis BY KAWALYA STEVEN

2. Anaemia Anaemia is ↓ in total number of erythrocytes in circulating blood or ↓ in quality & quantity of Haemoglobin .

3. Effects Of Anaemia ↓ Blood viscosity. Hypoxia. ↑ Cardiac Output. ↑ Workload of the heart.

4. Classification of anaemias

5. Normocytic normochromic anaemia Size & Hb content of RBCs is normal. Number of RBCs is decreased. Includes: - Aplastic Anaemia - Blood Loss Anaemia - Haemolytic Anaemia

6. Aplastic anaemia Total destruction or suppression of function of Bone Marrow Exposure to drugs,radiation,immune diseases,etc

7. Haemolytic Anaemia Abnormal breakdown of RBCs

8. Microcytic Hypochromic anaemia Abnormally small erythrocytes Abnormally reduced Hb in erythrocytes Includes: -Iron deficiency Anaemia - Thalassaemia - Anaemia of Chronic Disease

9. Iron Deficiency Anaemia Most common type. Iron deficient diet. GI fails to absorb Iron. Leads to impairment in Haem synthesis. Reduced RBC & Hb production.

10. Thalassaemia Abnormal synthesis of α or β chains of Hb . Two types: α - thalassaemia & β thalassaemia

11. Macrocytic normochromic anaemias Megaloblastic Anaemia : Erythrocytes are larger than normal. Caused due to: Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency

12. Pernicious Anaemia Vit B12 deficiency. Malabsorption of Vit B12. Absence of Intrinsic Factor (Gastric Intrinsic Factor). GIF is secreted by parietal cells in ileum. GIF absorbs vit B12

13. Blood Transfusion Blood from one idividual is given to another individual. Reqired during: Loss of blood Surgery Less blood formation Excess destruction of blood

14. Some Transfusions require only a single componentof blood Blood converted to different blood products,like plateles .

15. Hazards Of Blood Transfusion Mismatched Blood Transfusion Immediate: - Haemolysis Shock - Renal Failure Delayed: - Jaundice

16. Matched Blood Transfusion Immediate: - Circulatory Overload - Hyperkalaemia - Hypocalcaemia Delayed: - Transmission of Diseases

17. Blood Grouping ABO Blood Group - Discovered by Karl Lansteiner - presence or absence of A & B antigens - Plasma contains anti a or anti b antigens or none

18. BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS ON RBCs ANTIBODIES ON PLASMA DONOR’S BLOOD GROUP A A anti- B A,O B B anti-A B,O AB A,B -- A,B,AB,O O -- anti-A, anti-B O

19. Rh Blood Group - Type of antigen - Present in some people ( Rh + ve ) - Absent in some ( Rh – ve ) - Rh matchimg is important before Blood Transfusions

20. Erythroblastosis Foetalis Newborn Infant disease,characterized by gradual agglutination & phagocytosis of erythrocytes. Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN).