Anaemia. msn for bsc nursing students ss

Anaemia

1. SHREE SAPTHAGIRI INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES HOSAPETE Topic: ANEMIA Prepared By: Mrs. Renuka Kolakar M.Sc Nursing 1 st Year Shree Sapthagiri Institute of Nursing Sciences HOSAPETE

2. Introduction Anemia is one of the most underdiagnosed conditions and if left untreated, can have many serious implications such as cardiovascular disease and compromised immune functions. According to WHO estimates, India is one of the countries in the world that has highest prevalence of anemia. Statistics reveal that one in every five maternal death is directly due to anemia Anemia affects both adults and children of both sexes, although pregnant women and adolescent girls are most susceptible and most affected by this disease.

3. Definition Anemia : An – Without, emia - Blood Qualitative and quantitative reduction of red blood cells (RBCs) is called Anemia

4. Classification Iron Deficiency Anemia: Excessive Loss of iron Women are at risk because of blood loss during menstrual period and growth of fetus during pregnancy. 2. Megaloblastic Anemia Less intake of Vitamin B12 and folic acid Bone marrow produces abnormal RBC 3. Pernicious Anemia Inability of stomach and small intestine to absorb Vitamin B12.

5. Classification 4. Hemorrhagic anemia Excessive loss of RBC through bleeding, menstruation etc. 5. Hemolytic anemia Rupture of RBC plasma membrane Thalassemia ( Less synthesis of haemoglobin) Sickle cell anemia ( It is hereditary blood disorder characterized by abnormal RBCs usually in sickle shape) 6. Aplastic anemia Destruction of red bone marrow caused by toxins, gamma radiations

6. Causes GI Bleeding Menorrhagia Persistent hematuria Intravascular hemolytic disorders Parasitic infections Accidents Vegetarian diet

7. Causes Poor socio economic status Multiparity Teenage Pregnancy Menstrual Problems Surgery Medications like antacids

8. Signs and Symptoms

9. Diagnostic Evaluation

10. Diagnostic Evaluation History Collection for dietary habits, socio economic status, previous surgery etc. Physical Examination CBC Hemoglobin Men : 14 – 18 mg/dl Women: 12 – 16 mg/dl Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) Men : 42 – 52 mg/dl Women: 36 – 48 mg/dl

11. Diagnostic Evaluation Stool occult blood Serum iron level (60 to 170mg/dl) Serum Ferritin level (10 to 120ng/ml) Peripheral blood smear Bone marrow aspiration

12. Management Find out the specific cause of anemia Assess the patient activities and severity of anemia Monitoring vital signs Iron and vitamin B12 supplements Folic acid in dose of 5mg daily is effective Diet: High protein and high calorie diet

13. Management Hospitalization in case of severe anemia to prevent further complications. Administration of Injection Iron sucrose infusion Administration of oxygen if necessary

14. Management Transfusion of packed cell volume if the patient Hb level is less than 5mg/dl Bone marrow transplantation if abnormal production of RBCs

15. Prevention and control of anemia Balanced diet Rich in Iron, vitamins and minerals Green leafy vegetables and fruits, grains ( wheat,jawar , jaggery,dried fruits and ground nuts) Vitamin C rich foods (amla, oranges, lemon) helps in absorption of iron

16. Prevention and control of anemia Anemia in adolescents can be prevented by regular consumption of iron and folic acid tablets once a week , ideally 52 tablets in a year Prevention and treatment of hookworm infestations: De-worming reduces worm load and blood loss and prevents anemia Consult doctor regularly and when problems arise