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1. FABRICATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL NANOLAYERS OF MXENE BASED SUPER CAPACITOR ELECTRODE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MAHARAJAS COLLEGE ERNAKULAM PRESENTED BY ANAGHA M V MSC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 226 20002 PROJECT GUIDE DR.JANDAS PJ ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CMRIT BANGALORE

2. INTRODUCTION Energy production and energy storage is crucial part of our life. Except for biofuels most energy renewable energy are supplied as electricity. Battery and capacitors are mainly used as energy storage devices. Batteries are electrochemical devices that store and release energy through reversible chemical reactions. Capacitors are passive electronic components used to store and release electrical energy in the form of an electric field. Supercapacitors are invented inorder to overcome the drawbacks of both batteries and capacitors.

3. SUPERCAPACITORS Electric capacitors are characterized as sandwich structures consisting of two parallel conductive metal plates that are separated by an insulator or dielectric material. PROPERTIES High power density Fast charging and discharging Long cycle life High capacitance Consumer electronics, energy harvesting, batteries,medical,transport ,

4. TYPES OF SC

5. WORKING OF A SC

6. MXENE These are carbides and nitrides of transition metals MAX phases ( Mn + 1AXn where n = 1-4) are the precursors of MXenes General procedure for synthesis: preparation of the Ti3AlC2 precursor MAX phase etching out the Al layer intercalation and exfoliation. Properties to be used as an electrode Conductivity High surface area Mechanical strength Electrochemical performance

7. MATERIALS USED MAX PHASE Titanium Aluminium Carbide is used as the MAX phase. MXENE MXene is synthesized by etching layers of Titanium Aluminium Carbide MAX phase. HYDROFLUORIC ACID It is commonly used as an etchant in the preparation of MXenes . ELECTROLYTES × Acid Electrolyte, eg :H2SO4 × Alkaline Electrolyte, eg : KOH × Neutral Electrolyte, eg : Na2SO4

8. METHODS 1 g of the Ti3AlC2 is taken in a dry beaker. Place a magnetic bead on the Max phase containing beaker. Add hydrofluoric acid to this beaker. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer for 88 hours Dilute it with double-distilled water. Centrifuge it for an hour until the most material settles. Place it to dry in an oven. ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS MXene nanoparticles was used as a working electrode. Platinum wire and Ag/ AgCl were used as counter and reference electrodes respectively. CV, EIS and GCD are conducted

9. TESTING METHODS Cyclic voltammetry. The shape of the curve and area under the curve proves efficiency of SC Electro chemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Calculate resistance Galvano static Charge Discharge. Evaluate the charge discharge cycles Scanning Electron Microscopy Surface morphology studies Transmission Electron Microscopy Internal structural study Xray Diffraction Successful formation of MXene

10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The CV, EIS and GCD studies of MXene electrode using KOH electrolyte

11. SEM TEM XRD

12. DISCUSSIONS CV : Cyclic curve which means that SC is hybrid. As no of cycles increases, area under the graph increases Efficiency of SC GCD : Specific capacitance can be calculated Cs = I x t/m x ΔV EIS: used to find resistance of capacitors

13. TEM AND SEM Nano size is confirmed. Surface structures: maximum exfoliated and layered. XRD Maximum removal of Aluminium ions from MAX phase

14. CONCLUSION MXene based supercapacitor electrode was synthesized successfully and tested for supercapacitance study. The TEM studies helped us to visualize the smallest structures in MXene . SEM helped us to study the surface morphology of MXene . Cyclic voltammetry studies showed a cyclic curve which implies that the supercapacitor is hybrid. The specific capacitance values of the samples were calculated using the relation, Cs = I x t/m x ΔV The Cs value has increased significantly to 479 F/g for MXene . The specific capacitance, tensile strength and charge discharge cycles of MXene proved that it can be used effectively as supercapacitor electrode in applications covering a wide area.

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