ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM.pptx

This slide show includes a presentation on analysis and control of hybrid power generation

1. ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM Six Month Progress Presentation Supervisor Dr. Alok Prakash Mittal (Professor, ICE Department, NSUT) Presented By Kundan Anand (2019REE1301) (Electrical Engineering Department)

2. Contents Progress Introduction Literature Review Research Gap Proposed methodology Modelling & Simulation Results Conclusion References Publication

3. Introduction Conventionally, biogas plant’s local load consumes 23% of generated electrical energy ( Survey: Green Brick Biogas Plant, Anand Vihar , Delhi, India ). Losses due to this consumption can be compensated by hybridizing it with other suitable renewable energy source i.e. Solar PV with BESS for backup. Variability and the irregularity associated with solar energy for direct conversion into electrical energy via photovoltaic cells and the load variability make the power management typical in these hybrid plants . Injecting power to the grid when grid power price is lower than the generation price is also a reason of financial loss. Meeting load demand while minimising power generation costs is a major challenge in hybrid power generation systems. This research investigates the performance of a Single phase grid connected PV-BESS-PEMFC hybrid power generation system with a cost inclusive heuristic power management system, ideal for residential buildings and societies. In addition, an anaerobic digestion plant has been included in the study that produces methane and thereby hydrogen for PEMFCs. An ANN has also been designed to determine the digester operating temperature according to methane yield requirements. The complete system along with proposed power management and coordinated control has been simulated in dynamically changing realistic conditions. The designed system has been investigated for hydrogen consumption, carbon emission, efficiency, power generation cost, operating cost, power factor, frequency, distortion and voltage regulation.

4. Table. 1 Overview of hybrid CHP/CCHP with biogas fueled systems. Sources* Remarks Reference GT, ST Biogas steam reforming drive, Achieved efficiency ranging from 19.7% to 46.8%. [1] GT, ST, Wind Compound Parabolic collector, Supplement heat for a gas heater, Efficient in storing energy in form of compressed air and thermal heat, the proposed system generates electrical, thermal and cooling power. [2] ST, ICE Energy analysis in CCHP, Increase overall efficiency by 4%. [3] GT, ST Production of high-pressure steam, Declines the unit cost of products by 11.5% [4] GT, ST Solar Assisted CCHP, Enhanced exergy efficiency by 6% [5] GET, ST, GT Multi-source generation system, Reduced CO 2 emission and efficiency are enhanced in hybrid power generation mode. [6] PV, ST, ICE Reduction of primary energy consumption ., Hybrid power generation strategies can be used with fluctuating electricity prices. [7] PV, FC Hybrid power generation, Designed hybrid power generation system was able to fulfil the requirement of the grid. [8] PV, SC, FC Power management of hybrid power generation, The proposed power generation strategy was able to fulfil the energy requirements. [9], [10] *Supercapacitor (SC), Fuel Cell (FC), Internal combustion engine (ICE) , Gas Turbine (GT), Solar Thermal (ST) Literature Review

5. Literature Review

6. Fig. 1 . Schematic diagram of the existing coordinated power management [9], [10] Research Gap Existing power management schemes are only for coordinated power management between different sources ( Fig.1 ). T he coordinated power management works on static power generation cost rather than dynamic cost. Replacing IC engines with PEMFC for CHP generation from biogas, due to convenient DC coupling with Solar PV and BESS. Local electrical load compensation of Biogas plant. Operating temperature regulation of biogas digester according to upcoming load to produce enough biogas for PEMFC.

7. Fig. 2 . Schematic diagram of the proposed hybrid power generation system with cost-inclusive heuristic power management and ANN-based digester operating temperature estimation Proposed Research Methodology A cost-inclusive heuristic power management scheme for a hybrid power plant consisting of PV, BESS, and PEMFC has been proposed and investigated . An ANN has been proposed to determine the digester operating temperature to regulate the methane production from the biogas plant according to load demand. The schematic diagrams of the proposed power management strategy are presented in detail in Fig. 2 . In the proposed strategy, Supercapacitor has been replaced with a battery to enhance the power supply duration from storage and Electrolyzer has been treated as a variable DC load in the proposed strategy.

8. Modelling & Simulation

9. Ravi A, Manoharan PS, Vijay Anand J (2011) Modeling and simulation of three phase multilevel inverter for grid connected photovoltaic systems. Sol Energy 85:. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.08.020 (SCI-Indexed) Solar Photovoltaic Array The PV array used for the modelling consists of SunPower SPR-E20-327 panels with the configuration of 18 series module and 2 parallel string. The details about the panels is given in PV module is presented in Table. 2. The solar PV power generation system uses 1 PV arrays in parallel connection, producing a maximum DC power of 7.5 kW. Table. 2 PV module data (Source: SunPower Datasheet) Name SunPower SPR-E20-327 Light-generated current (A) 7.8649 Maximum Power (Watts) 213.15 Diode Saturation current (A) 2.9259e-10 Open-Circuit Voltage (V OC ) 36.3 Shunt Resistance (Ω) 313.3991 Short-circuit current (I SC ) 7.84 Series Resistance (Ω) 0.39383 V MPP 29 Temperature Coefficient of V OC -0.36099 Cells per module 60 Temperature Coefficient of I SC 0.102

10. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) The detailed generic PEMFC has been used for the simulation in Fig. 5. Balestra L, Schjølberg I (2021) Energy management strategies for a zero-emission hybrid domestic ferry. Int J Hydrogen Energy 46:. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.091 (SCI-Indexed) Motapon SN, Tremblay O, Dessaint LA (2012) Development of a generic fuel cell model: Application to a fuel cell vehicle simulation. Int J Power Electron 4 :. https :// doi.org/10.1504/IJPELEC.2012.052427 (SCI-Indexed ) Fig. 3 Detail ed model of PEMFC E OC is the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell, N is the number of fuel cells in the stack, A is the Tafel slope, i is the exchange current in ampere, T d is the time taken to reach steady-state (seconds), a constant resistance in series with a controlled voltage source is presented by R ohm (Ω), Fuel cell current is represented by i fc , and fuel cell voltage by V fc . The nominal fuel pressure (P fuel ) is 1.5 bar. Z is the number of electrons exchanged i.e. 2. F is faradays constant i.e. 96485As/mol. R is equal to 8.3145J/(mol K). T is the temperature of the fuel cell in Kelvin. En is Nernst voltage, U f02 is oxygen utilization, V fuel is volume of fuel used. Table. 3 Fuel cell stack data Type PEMFC Rated Power(kW), Maximum (kW) 6, 8.325 Nernst Voltage (V) 1.1288 Nominal Utilization (H 2 , O 2 ) (%) 99.56, 59.3 Nominal Consumption (H 2 , Air) (lpm) 60.38, 143.22 Exchange current (i ) (A) 0.2919 Exchange Coefficient (α) 0.60645 Voltage at 0A and 1A (V) 65, 63 Nominal operating point (A, V) 225, 37 Number of cells (N fc ) 65 Nominal stack efficiency (%) 55 Operating temperature (°C) 65 °C

11. Power Management and Control Fig. 6 heuristic p ower Management Flow diagram

12. Power Management and Control Fig. 7 Control in proposed Power Management

13. Results

14. Fig. 12 P-V characteristics of PV array Fig. 12 I-V characteristics of PV array

15. Fig. 12 Voltage from sources (when vehicle is moving) Fig. 12 Irradiance for PV arrays

16. Fig. 12 Current from sources (when vehicle is moving) Fig. 12 Power from sources (when vehicle is moving) Fig. 12 SOC (when vehicle is moving)

17. Fig. 23 Torque (N*m) Fig. 23 Motor Speed (in RPM)

18. Fig. 23 Power from sources (When vehicle is OFF) Fig. 23 Fuel consumption and requirement

19. Fig. 23 SOC (When vehicle is OFF) Fig. 23 Current from sources (When vehicle is OFF)