analysis-of-toothpaste (1).pdf

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1. (SESSION2023-24)
PRESENTEDBY-
NAMRATA
KASHYAP
ClassXII [PCM]

2. Thisistocertify thatNamrataKashyap,
studentofClass XII
th
,JAWAHAR
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA JANJGIR
CHAMPA,hascompletedtheproject
havingtheaim “ToDetectThe
PresenceOfDifferentAnionsAnd
CationsInDifferentBrandsOf
Toothpaste”duringthe academicyear
2023-24for the chemistrypractical
evaluationofCBSE2024andsubmitted
satisfactoryreportascompiledinthe
followingpagesundermy supervision.
DR. NEERAJ MAM
[PGT CHEMISTRY]

3. Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepgratitudeto
mymentor/teacherDR.NEERAJMAMwho
wasaconstantsourceofencouragementand
valuableadvices.Thisprojectwouldn’thave
cometoasuccessfulcompletionwithouthis
guidance.
IwouldalsoliketothankPrincipal sir Mr.
A.B. Saxenawhowasalways thereatmy
beckandcall,servingmeinevery best
possibleway.He madesurethatallthe
requirementsoftheprojectwerefulfilled.
Finally,Iwouldliketo thankmyparents
for beingtherewith continuingsupport
morallyandfinancially.
THANKYOU.

4. 1.Objective/Aim
2.Introduction
3.Sample
collection
4.Requirements
5.Theory
6.Testsfordifferent
samples 7.Comparative
table 8.Conclusion
9.Precautions
10.Bibliography

5. ToDetectThePresence
OfDifferentAnions
AndCationsIn
DifferentBrandsOf
Toothpaste.

6. There’sawidevarietyoftoothpastesandrelated
productsavailable todayinthemarketfororal
hygiene.However,foracommonman, differentiation
onthebasisofqualityisreallydifficultwithallthe
fancyadvertisementsandoffers.
Atoothpastecontainsamildlyabrasivesubstancesuch
ascalcium carbonateandadetergentorsoap,some
sweeteningagentotherthan sugarandflavouringoils
tomakeitpleasanttotasteandsmell.Some toothpastes
containsfluorideswhichmaketheenamelsurfaceof
the toothmoreresistanttobacterialactivityandact
againstmicro-organismsasametabolicpoison.
Generallyanystandardtoothpaste containcalcium
carbonate,sodiummonofluorophosphate,sodium
laurylsulphate,zincsulphate,alum,someflavouring
oilsarealso added.
Thisprojectbasicallydealswiththedetectionof
variousionsin toothpastethatdetermineitsquality,
andthus,acomparison between theprominent
toothpastebrands.

7. Toothpaste(s):
Colgate,Pepsodent,Close-UP,DaburRed,Babool.
Chemicals:
Hydrochloricacid,diluteSulphuricacid,concentrated
Sulphuricacid,Bariumchloride,Ammonium chloride,
Ammonium hydroxide,Ammonium carbonate,Acetic
acid,Nitricacid,Silvernitrate,Calciumchloride,
PottasiumFerrocyanide,H2Sgas.
Testtubes,Beakers,Flasks,flame,spatulaetc.

8. Inqualitativeanalysis,thegivencompoundisanalysedforthe radicals,thatis,
cationsandanionsthatitcontains.Thecommon procedureoftestingon
unknownsaltistomake itssolutionandthen testthissolutionfortheions
presentinit.ThenPreliminary testssuch ascolour,odour,dryheating,flame
testetc.areperformed.Thesetestsarecommonforallsamplesundersalt
analysis.Further,thereare separateproceduresfordetectingcationsand
anions.
IDENTIFICATIONOFACIDRADICAL(ANION)
Afterthepreliminarytestsareoverwith,toidentifytheanion,three
indicatorytestsarecarriedout.Theycanbedividedintothree categories
eachwithseparategroupreagent.Thereforeanionmaybe identifiedby
performingthefollowingtestsintheordergiven.
DiluteH2SO4test Concentrated
H2SO4test
IndependentGroup (SO
2-
, PO
3-
)
44
Afterananionisindicated,confirmatorytestsarecarriedout,
correspondingtotheanion.
IDENTIFICATIONOFBASICRADICALS(CATION)
Toidentifythecations,wehavebeenusingtheflametest(a preliminary
test)forindication.Whichevercationisindicated,itis confirmedonthe
basisofcorrespondingtests.

9. TESTSFORDIFFERENTSAMPLES
COLGATE
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1.PreliminaryTests
Colour White
Odour Mintysmell(of
colgate)
DryHeating Colourless,
odourlessgas.
CO3maybe
2-
present.
Flametest ReddishFlame Ca
2+
maybe
present.
2.DilH2SO4test-
Tothesample, added
somedrops ofDil
H2SO4.
Colourless,
odourlessgas.
CO3maybe
2-
present.
3.Confirmatory
tests.
Tothesample
addedMgSO4
solution.
Awhiteppt.
CO3confirmed
2-
TookanO.S,
addeddilHCl.
Brisk
effervescence.
CO3confirmed
2-
4.Conc.H2SO4test-
Tothesample
addedsomedrops of
conc.H2SO4
Nochange Conc.H2SO4
groupabsent

10. 5.Independenttests-
ForSO4-
2-
Tothesample
added
BaCl2solution.
Whiteppt.
SO4confirmed.
2-
Tothesample
addedLead
acetatesoln.
Whiteppt.
SO4confirmed.
2-
ForPO4-
3-
AddedconcHNO3
toO.Sandboiled.
Addedammonium
Molybdatesolnin
excessandagain
boiled.
Deepyellow
colouration.
PO4confirmed.
3-
CATIONS
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON
INFERENCE
6. Group0-
Tothesample
addedNaOHand
heated
Nochange Group0
absent
7. Group-1
Tothesample
addeddiluteHCl
Nochange GroupIabsent
8. Group-II
Totheabovetest
tubeaddedH2S
Nochange GroupII
absent
9. Group-III
Tothesample
Nochange GroupIII
absent

11. addedNH4OH
andNH4Cl
10.Group-IV
Totheabovetest
tubeaddH2S
Nochange GroupIV
absent
11.Group-V
Tothesample
addedNH4OH,
and(NH4)2CO3
solution.
Awhiteppt.GroupV
present.
Dissolvedthe
ppt.inCH3COOH
anddividedthe
solutioninto3
parts.
(i)Tothefirstpart
added
K2CrO4solution
Nochange Ba
2+
absent
(ii)Tothesecond
partadded
(NH4)2SO4
Nochange Sr
2+
absent
(iii)Tothethirdpart
added(NH4)2C2O4
Awhiteppt.Ca
2+
confirmed.
13.Group-VI
Tookthefiltrate
ofabovestep
andaddedafew
dropsofamm.
oxalatesolution,
boiled,filtered.
Tooktheppt,
boiled,added
Awhiteppt.Mg
2+
confirmed.

12. NH4OHandNH4Cl
inexcess.Add
(NH4)2HPO4and
rubbedwitha
glassrod.
PEPSODENT
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT Observation Inference
1. Preliminarytests
Colour Babypink
Odour Thatof
pepsodent.
DryHeating Whitefumes,
pungentsmell.
Cl
-
maybe
present.
Flametest Reddishflame.Ca
2+
may
bepresent.
2. Dil.H2SO4test-
Tothesample,
addeddil.H2SO4.
Colourless,
odourlessgas.
CO3may
2-
bepresent.
3. ConfirmatoryTests
TotheO.Sadded
dilHClsolution.
Brisk
effervescence.
CO3
2-
confirmed.
Tothesolution
addedMgSO4
solution.
Whitepptin
cold.
CO3
2-
confirmed.
4. Conc.H2SO4test- Acolourless Cl
-
maybe

13. Tothesample
addedconc.H2SO4
pungentgas. present.
5. Confirmatorytests
Tothesample
addedMnO2conc.
H2SO4.Heated.
Greenish,
yellowgas,
pungentsmell.
Cl
-
confirmed
Tothesample
addeddiluteHNO3,
Boiled,cooledand
addedAgNO3
Awhiteppt. Cl
-
confirmed
CATIONS
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIO
N
INFERENC
E
6. Group-0
Tothesample
addedNaOHand
heated
Nochange Group0
absent
7. Group-I
Tothesample
addeddiluteHCl
Nochange GroupI
absent
8. Group-II
Totheabovetest
tubeaddedH2S
Nochange GroupII
absent
9. Group-III
Tothesample
addedNH4Cl,
boiled,cooled,
WhitePpt.
Formed.
Group-IIIis
present.
Al
3+
detected.

14. addedNH4OHin
excess.
Laketest-
Totheppt,added
dilHCl,2dropsof
bluelitmus,and
NH4OHdropwise.
Ablueppt.
floatingin
colourless
solution.
Al
3+
confirmed
10. Tothefiltrateof
group-IIIadded
H2Ssolution.
Nochange GroupIV
absent
11.Tothesample
addedNH4OHand
(NH4)2CO3solution.
Awhiteppt.GroupV
present.
Dissolvedtheppt.
inCH3COOHand
divideditinto3
parts.
(i)Tothefirstpart
added
K2CrO4solution
Nochange Ba
2+
absent
(ii)Tothesecondpart
added(NH4)2SO4
solution
(iii)Tothesecondpart
added(NH4)2C2O4
andNH4OH
solution.
Awhiteppt.Ca
2+
confirmed.
13.Group-VI
Tookthefiltrateof
abovestepand
addedafewdrops
ofamm.oxalate
Awhiteppt.Mg
2+
confirmed.

15. solution,boiled,
filtered.Tookthe
ppt,boiled,added
NH4OHandNH4Cl
inexcess.Add
(NH4)2HPO4and
rubbedwithaglass
rod.
CLOSE-UP
S.NO
.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. PreliminaryTests
Colour Red
Odour Close up-smell
DryHeating Suffocating
smell
SO3maybe
2-
present.
Flametest Reddishflame.Ca
2+
maybe

16. present.
2. Dil.H2SO4test-
Tothesample,
addedDil.H2SO4
Colourless,
pungentsmell,
turnedacidified
K2Cr2O7solution
green.
SO3maybe
2-
present.
3. Confirmatorytests
TotheO.Sadded
BaCl2solution.
Whiteppt.
SO3
2-
confirmed.
Tothepptfrom
abovestepadded
KMnO4solution.
Pinkcolour
discharge.
SO3
2-
confirmed.
4. Conc.H2SO4Test-
Tothesample
added
conc.H2SO4solution.
Nochange Conc.H2SO4
groupabsent
CATIONS
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIO
N
INFERENCE
5. Group-0
Tothesample
addedNaOHand
heated
Nochange Group0
absent
6. Group-I
Tothesample
addeddiluteHCl
Nochange GroupIabsent
7. Group-II
Totheabovetest
tubeaddedH2S
Nochange GroupII
absent
8. Group-III Abrownppt. Group-III

17. Tothesample
addedNH4Cl,
boiled,cooled,
addedNH4OHin
excess.
present.
Fe
3+
detected.
Dissolvedtheppt.
indiluteHCland
addedPotassium
Ferrocyanide.
prussianblue
colour
Fe
3+
confirmed
9. Tothefiltrateof
group-IIIadded
H2Ssolution.
Nochange GroupIV
absent
10.Tothesample
addedNH4OHand
(NH4)2CO3solution.
Awhiteppt. GroupV
present
Dissolved
CH3COOHand
dividedintothree
parts.
(i)Tothefirstpart
addedK2CrO4
solution
Nochange Ba
2+
absent
(ii)Tothesecondpart
added(NH4)2SO4
solution
Nochange Sr
2+
absent
(iii)Tothethirdpart
added
(NH4)2C2O4and
NH4OH
Awhiteppt. Ca
2+
present
11.Group-VI
Tookthefiltrateof
abovestepand
Nochange Mg
2+
absent

18. addedafew drops
ofamm.oxalate
solution,boiled,
filtered.Tookthe
ppt,boiled,added
NH4OHandNH4Cl
inexcess.Add
(NH4)2HPO4and
rubbedwithaglass
rod.

19. Dabur-RED
S.NO
.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. PreliminaryTests
Colour Red
Odour DaburRed-smell
DryHeating Colourless,
odourlessgas.
CO3maybe
2-
present.
Flametest Reddishflame.Ca
2+
maybe
present.
2. Dil.H2SO4test-
Tothesample,
addedDil.H2SO4
Nogas evolved.Dil.H2SO4
group
absent.
4. Conc.H2SO4Test-
Tothesample
added
conc.H2SO4solution
.
Nogas evolved.Conc.H2SO4
groupabsent
CATIONS
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
5. Group-0
Tothesample
addedNaOHand
heated
Nochange Group0absent
6. Group-I
Tothesample
addeddiluteHCl
Nochange GroupIabsent
7. Group-II Nochange GroupIIabsent

20. Totheabovetest
tubeaddedH2S
8. Group-III
Tothesample
addedNH4Cl,
boiled,cooled,
addedNH4OHin
excess.
Nochange. GroupIIIabsent
9. Tothefiltrateof
group-IIIadded
H2Ssolution.
Nochange GroupIVabsent
10.Tothesample
addedNH4OHand
(NH4)2CO3solution.
Awhiteppt. GroupVabsent
(i)Tothefirstpart
addedK2CrO4
solution
Nochange Ba
2+
absent
(ii)Tothesecondpart
added(NH4)2SO4
solution
Nochange Sr
2+
absent
(iii)Tothethirdpart
added
(NH4)2C2O4and
NH4OH
Nochange Ca
2+
absent
11.Group-VI
Tookthefiltrateof
abovestepand
addedafew drops
ofamm.oxalate
solution,boiled,
filtered.Tookthe
ppt,boiled,added
Nochange Mg
2+
absent

21. NH4OHandNH4Cl
inexcess.Add
(NH4)2HPO4and
rubbedwithaglass
rod.
Babool
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT Observation Inference
1. Preliminarytests
Colour Reddish
Odour Baboolsmell
DryHeating Colourless
odourlessgas.
CO3maybe
2
present.
Flametest Reddishflame.Ca
2+
maybe
present.
2. Dil.H2SO4 test-
Tothesample,
addeddil.H2SO4.
Colourless,
odourlessgas.
CO3may
2-
bepresent.
3. ConfirmatoryTests
TotheO.Sadded
dilHClsolution.
Brisk
effervescence.
CO3
2-
confirmed.
Tothesolution
addedMgSO4
solution.
Whitepptin
cold.
CO3
2-
confirmed.
4. Conc.H2SO4test-
Tothesample
addedconc.H2SO4
Nogasevolved.Conc.H2SO4
group
absent.
5. IndependentGroup
Tests-

22. ForSO4-
2-
Tothesample
added
BaCl2solution.
Whiteppt.
SO4
2-
confirmed.
Tothesample
addedLeadacetate
soln.
Whiteppt.
SO4
2-
confirmed.
ForPO4-
3-
AddedconcHNO3
toO.Sandboiled.
Addedammonium
Molybdatesolnin
excessandagain
boiled.
Nochange.
PO4
3-
absent.
CATIONS
S.N
O.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
6. Group-0
Tothesample
addedNaOHand
heated
Nochange Group0
absent
7. Group-I
Tothesample
addeddiluteHCl
Nochange GroupI
absent
8. Group-II
Totheabovetest
tubeaddedH2S
Nochange GroupII
absent
9. Group-III
Tothesample
addedNH4Cl,
Nochange. Group-III
absent
.

23. boiled,cooled,
addedNH4OHin
excess.
10.Tothefiltrateof
group-IIIadded
H2Ssolution.
Nochange GroupIV
absent
11.Tothesample
addedNH4OHand
(NH4)2CO3solution.
Awhiteppt. GroupV
absent
(i)Tothefirstpart
addedK2CrO4
solution
Nochange Ba
2+
absent
(ii)Tothesecondpart
added(NH4)2SO4
solution
Nochange Sr
2+
absent
(iii)Tothethirdpart
added
(NH4)2C2O4and
NH4OH
Whiteppt. Ca
2+
present.
11.Group-VI
Tookthefiltrateof
abovestepand
addedafew drops
ofamm.oxalate
solution,boiled,
filtered.Tookthe
ppt,boiled,added
NH4OHandNH4Cl
inexcess.Add
(NH4)2HPO4and
rubbedwithaglass
Nochange Mg
2+
absent

24. rod.

25. NAMEOF
THE
TOOTHPAST
E
Ca
2+
CO3
2
-
SO3
2-C
l
-
SO4
2-
Al
3+
Fe
3+
Mg
2+
COLGATE
PEPSODENT
CLOSE-UP
Dabur-RED
Babool

26. Onthebasisofthecomparativeinferencetable,weseethat
isthebestofalltoothpastesasitcontainsamajorityofthe
essentialconstituents(anionsandcations)ofatoothpaste.

27. 1.Handlethechemicalscarefully.
2.Usetesttube holdertoholdthe test
tube.
3.Neveraddwatertoconc.acids
4.Nevertouchanychemicalwith
handsdirectly.
5.Useadropperforconcentrated
Acids.
6.Don’tsmellthe vapoursfromtoo
close.

28. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothpaste
http://www.seminarsonly.com
https://www.scribd.com/doc/78515818/Chemistry-Project-
Work
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Colgate-Total
http://www.dabur.com/Export-Dabur%20Red%20Toothpaste