Analytical Chemistry ( Chapter 9) ICSE Gade 9

Chapter 9

1. Coloured Salts A salt is coloured if It’s cation / anion is coloured . dichromate permanganate

2. Qualitative analysis Identification of the unknown components of the substance.

3. Quantitive analysis Quantitative chemical analysis , branch of  chemistry  that deals with the determination of the amount or percentage of one or more  constituents  of a sample. 

4. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Calcium salt Calcium nitrate Calcium hydroxide Ca(NO 3 ) 2  +  2 NaOH → Ca(OH) 2   +  2 NaNO 3

5. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Calcium salt Calcium nitrate Calcium hydroxide White ppt

6. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop in excess … Calcium salt Calcium nitrate Calcium hydroxide Insoluble

7. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Iron salt (Ferrous) [ ] Ferrous sulphate ferrous hydroxide   FeSO 4  +  2 NaOH → Fe(OH) 2  + Na 2 SO 4

8. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Iron salt (Ferrous) [ ] Ferrous sulphate ferrous hydroxide   Dirty green

9. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop in excess … Iron salt (Ferrous) [ ] Ferrous sulphate ferrous hydroxide   Insoluble

10. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Iron salt (Ferric) [ ] Ferric chloride ferric hydroxide   3NaOH + FeCl 3  → Fe(OH) 3   + 3NaCl   Reddish brown

11. Ferrous   Ferric   Dirty green Reddish brown

12. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop in excess … Iron salt (Ferric) [ ] Ferric chloride ferric hydroxide   Insoluble

13. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop … Copper salt ( Cuprous ) [ ] Copper sulphate copper[II] hydroxide CuSO 4  + 2NaOH → Cu(OH) 2   + Na 2 SO 4  

14. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop … Copper salt ( Cuprous ) [ ] Copper sulphate copper[II] hydroxide  

15. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop in excess … Copper salt ( Cuprous ) [ ] Copper sulphate copper[II] hydroxide   Insoluble

16. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Zinc sulphate zinc hydroxide ZnSO 4  + 2NaOH → Zn(OH) 2   + Na 2 SO 4  

17. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Zinc sulphate zinc hydroxide

18. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop in excess … Zinc hydroxide sodium zincate Soluble

19. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Lead nitrate lead hydroxide Pb(NO 3 ) 2  +  2 NaOH → Pb(OH) 2   +  2 NaNO 3  

20. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop… Lead nitrate lead hydroxide

21. Action on addition of NaOH to a salt solution drop by drop in excess …

22. Action on addition of to a salt solution drop by drop…   Ca no ppt is formed. When  ammonium hydroxide  solution is added to  calcium nitrate , there is no change to either of the compounds. This is because no  reaction  takes place between them. As a result, there is no formation of a precipitate or any other kind of compound.  

23. Action on addition of to a salt solution drop by drop in excess …   The ppt of lead[II] hydroxide is insoluble in excess of .  

24. Action on addition of to a salt solution drop by drop in excess …   ppt is soluble and inky blue solution is obtained.

25. Reaction of metals( Zn,Pb,Al ) and caustic alkalis (KOH, NaOH)… Zn, Pb and Al metals are amphoteric in nature. They react with acid and base to release hydrogen gas.

26. Reaction with NaOH… Metals like Zn, Pb and Al react with hot conc. NaOH to give a soluble salt and hydrogen gas is released.  

27. Reaction with KOH… Metals like Zn, Pb and Al react with hot conc. KOH to give a soluble salt and hydrogen gas is released.  

28. Reaction of metal oxides with NaOH…

29. Reaction of metal oxides with KOH…

30. Reaction of amphoteric hydroxides with NaOH/KOH… Amphoteric hydroxides are compounds that can react with acid as well as a base to form salt and water. Eg :  

31. Reaction of amphoteric hydroxides with NaOH/KOH…