Analyzing claims po ito plssssssssss.pptx

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1. LESSON 5: Evaluating Written Texts by Analyzing Claims

2. OBJECTIVES: To explain critical reading and its techniques Identifies claims explicitly and implicitly made in a written text.

3. CRITICAL READING One of the skills that a student needs to develop is critical reading.

4. Below are some techniques to help you develop critical reading skills; Keeping a reading journal Annotating the text Outlining the text Summarizing the text Questioning the text

5. Critical reading also means that students are able to distinguish the information that is clearly stated (explicit) in the text from ideas that are suggested (implicit). With this, it will help you make inferences about what you read. How can you tell whether something is implicit or explicit?

6. How can you tell whether something is implicit or explicit?

7. EXPLICIT information that is clearly stated. obvious and apparent; directly stated

8. Recognizing the Explicit Explicit information is any idea that is stated. With explicit information, you see the text explained. Since you are looking for explicit information in what is read; the explicit information will be written in the text. There is no need to look for clues. Just read. If the information is written it is explicit.

9. IMPLICIT ideas that are suggested. not expressed clearly; only suggested; indirectly stated

10. Processing the Implicit Implicit information is understood but it is not stated. To find implicit information in what is read, you will have to think about what you read. Look for clues as you read. Implicit information is not written.

11. Explicit vs. Implicit Debate over Gun Control in the US The debate over gun control in the United States has been a topic of contention for the past ten years. The killing of 20 schoolchildren in Newtown, Connecticut, in December 2012 fuelled a national discussions over gun laws and prompted calls by the Obama administration to restrict the availability of military-style weapons. The Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibited the sale of firearms to several categories of individuals, including those under 18 years old, those with criminal records, the mentally disabled, unlawful aliens and dishonourably discharge military personnel. In 1993, the law was amended by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, which required background checks for all unlicensed persons purchasing firearms from a federally licensed dealer. T opic: G un Control Explicit idea: The debate over gun control in the United States has been a topic of contention for the past ten years. Implicit idea: The sale of guns must be closely monitored to prevent the arbitrary and senseless loss of innocent lives. Passage A

12. Explicit vs. Implicit Diabetes is a lifelong disorder in which the body is not able to produce or use insulin as it should. The problem starts when the blood glucose or sugar in person’s body is too high and the body does not produce or use insulin as it is supposed to. Glucose comes from the food that we eat, while insulin is a hormone that helps our cells to absorb the glucose in order to give us energy. It is a manageable disease if diagnosed early, but can be deadly if not treated and controlled. There are two major types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. T ype 1 diabetes is when our body does not produce enough insulin that it needs, while the Type 2 diabetes is when our body produces insulin but does not use well it well. Statistic show that about 17 million Americans suffer from diabetes and 5.9 million people are unaware that t they have the disease. Topic: Diabetes Explicit idea: Diabetes is a lifelong disorder in which the body is not able to produce or use insulin as it should. Implicit idea: Diabetes is a life-threatening disease that must be taken seriously. Passage B:

13. Explicit vs. Implicit Homeschooling is on the rise and, today, more than two million children are taught at home. Parents choose home school the children for numerous reasons, including religious beliefs and a desire for their offspring to have a better education. There are too many groups throughout the country that assist home schooling families by offering classes that would be difficult to take at home. However, home schooling is often misunderstood by the general public, particularly by those who fear that home schooled children will miss out on socialization or that parents would not be able to teach their children adequately. Topic: Homeschooling Explicit idea: Homeschooling is on the rise and, today, more than two million children are taught at home. Implicit idea: There are pros and cons of homeschooling. Passage C

14. DEFINING CLAIMS

15. DEFINING CLAIMS a statement essentially arguable, but used as a primary point to support or prove an argument by providing details, explanations, and other types of evidences it’s main purpose is to support and prove your main argument, it’s like a person arguing to prove his position which means he is “making a claim” different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical a claims statement will keep your readers interested. It will create questions in there minds and they could possibly find the answers in your argument

16. Examples of Claims: A teenager who wants a new cellular phone makes the following claims: Every other girl in her school has a cell phone. She will be safer with a cell phone because she can call 911. A cell phone with Internet access will help her do homework. A politician arguing for a new domestic spending program makes the following claims: The economy will be improved by the influx of money into the market. Jobs will be created by the new programs. The programs will improve infrastructure by repairing out-of-date roads, bridges, etc.

17. A charity applying for grant funds to increase its work makes the following claims: The additional funding will allow the charity to help an additional 100 people per year. They already have an action plan for how to use the funding, and a method to evaluate the effectiveness of their programming. A recent survey shows an additional need for the work of this charity in the community.

18. The following are the characteristics of good claims: A claim should be argumentative or debatable. When a writer makes a claim, he/she is making a case for a particular perspective on the topic. Readers expect to be able to raise objections to your claim, and they can only raise objections if the claim is something that can be reasonably challenged. Claims that are only factual or based on opinion, thus, are not debatable. A claim should be specific and focused. If the claim is unfocused, the paper will be too broad in scope and will lack direction and a clear connection to support provided. It may also lead to overgeneralizations and vague assertions.

19. A claim should be interesting and engaging. It should hook the reader, who may or may not agree with you, to encourage them to consider your perspective and learn something new from you. A claim should be logical. It should result from reasonable, weighing of support provided. Here are some questions to help you determine the writer’s claim while you are reading a text: What is the author’s main point? What is the author’s position regarding it?

20. Same-sex marriage should be legalized for the equality of all. According to research, proponents argue that equal rights must mean equal rights. A civilized society does not discriminate on grounds of race, religion, sex or sexuality and denial of marriage rights is clear discrimination. Gay and heterosexual couples both deserve the legal rights associated with marriage – on taxes, property ownership, inheritance or adoption. No matter how you try to dress it up, denying equal rights to gays and lesbians is homophobia.