Anandi scheme for sex ratio (1)

1. Group No. 2 ACHINT KUMAR GIRISH MATHUR KSHITIZ PRIYAMVADA RICHA SHIKHA YADAV Research proposal on: ANANDI YOJNA

2. The constitution of India offers all citizens, including children, certain basic fundamental rights. The directive principles of state policy emphasizes that the state needs to ensure that all children are provided with services and opportunities to grow and develop in a safe and secure environment . Background

3. However, in the Indian context, the adverse social attitude towards daughters has left girl children vulnerable and at a disadvantage. Their survival , education, health care , development, security and well being are a matter of national concern . A significant impact of this discrimination is reflected in the deterioration of the male-female ratio, particularly among children.

4. Child Sex Ratio The overall sex ratio in the country has shown an encouraging trend since Census 1991 throughout the country. However, the same is not true pertaining to child sex ratio. It has continuously diminished and by more than 60 points in last 60 years

5. Trend in Child Sex Ratio and Overall Sex Ratio in India (1961-2011)

6. Their survival, education, health care, development, security and well being are a matter of national concern . A significant impact of this discrimination is reflected in the deterioration of the male-female ratio, particularly among children.

7. BACKGROUND P ersisting gender inequalities in India- sex selection , f emale infanticide, lack of health care and nutrition child marriage. Special financial incentive schemes for girls are crucial for improving the survival and welfare of girls and reverse the distorted sex ratio at birth (SRB ).

8. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) All the currently active special financial incentive schemes in India employ CCT. CCT is the process through which the families receive the specified financial benefits against the fulfillment of certain minimum requirements such as registration of birth, childhood immunization, enrollment and retention in school, and delaying the age of marriage beyond 18 years.

9. S everal special financial incentive schemes for girls have been initiated in 15 states. Examples: Dhanalakshmi scheme Bhagyalakshmi scheme- Karnataka Ladli lakshmi yojana - Madhya Pradesh Rajalakshmi scheme (DISCONTINUED)- Rajasthan Mukhyamantri kanya suraksha yojana - Bihar

10. Rajasthan status

11. Discontinued Rajalakshmi scheme- Reasons Lack of financial resources and unrealistic financial resources Absence of a proper grievance redressal mechanism L ack of coordination across different sectors such as health, education and social welfare Lack of coordination between implementing departments and financial institutions (LIC, UTI, Banks, etc.) led to delays in issuing bonds/certificates

12. Research Question Whether the conditional cash transfer to parents of girl child through the “ Anandi scheme” improve the child-sex ratio and change the attitude of parents towards girl child as a liability, in Rajasthan state?

13. Aim of the Research To propose the detailed implementation plan of the financial incentive scheme “ Anandi scheme” for the girls in Rajasthan. To monitor and evaluate the change in sex ratio at birth from baseline status (926) to expected status ( ) after (three) years of implementation of “ Anandi scheme” in Rajasthan. To evaluate the change in attitude of parents towards girl child as a liability in Rajasthan.

14. Description of Intervention

15. It is decided that in the first stage, the scheme would be implemented for a period of five years and depending on its success it would be reviewed for an extension of another five years or beyond. The phases of intervention according to eligibility criteria for availing the scheme is as follows:

16. Phases of Intervention Phases for intervention Time Amount Total Amount 1 Incentive under JSSY scheme At birth 1400 /- 1400/- 2 Incentive to female child for completing immunization programme 1000 3 Incentive at enrollment for Aanganwadi 100/- month 1 year=1200/- No. of years x 1200 4 At primary schooling level (1 ST to 5 th std.) 120/- month 1 year=1440/- 5 year=7200/- 5 At secondary level (6 th to 10 th ) 150/- month 1 year=1800/- 5 year=9000/- 6 Senior secondary level (11 th -12 th ) 170/- month 1 year=2040/- 2 year=4080/- 7 Graduation level* (pass course/ technical course) 200/- month 1 year=2400/- 3 year=7200/- Current rate of interest on the total amount to be given at the time of maturity.*

17. Sum of all this money would be approximately 50,000/- The deposited amount calculated on Current rate of interest on the total amount to be given at the time of maturity.* This scheme will restrict incentives up to two girls only.

18. The study discovered that the promise of cash transfers provided a sense of security and instilled a sense of confidence in these families to invest in their girls. Wherever benefits were availed, to a large extent families ensured birth registration, immunization, school enrolment and delayed age of marriage of their daughters. It may be appropriate to consider a proposal wherein both the centre and the state governments jointly finance these schemes through improved targeting and attractive incentives.

19. This could be more specifically measured through improved SRB and CSR, increased school enrolment and attendance in primary, middle and high schools, and an enhanced age of marriage.