ANATOMY and its scope.pptx

Basics of Anatomy.

1. HUMAN ANATOMY Dr Priyanka (PT) BPT,MPT(Neurological Disorders) AssistantProfessor (SIMS, Dehradun)

2. UNIT 1:- General Anatomy Introduction of Anatomy Subdivisions of Anatomy Scope of Anatomy

3. Introduction:- Human Anatomy is the science that deals with the structure of the human body. The term “Anatomy” is derived from the Greek word “ Anatome ” meaning “ cutting up” . The term “dissection” is a Latin equivalent of the Greek “ anatome ”.However, these two words anatomy and dissection are not synonymous as dissection is a technique whereas anatomy is a wide field of study. Anatomy traditionally involves the dissection of organisms to observe and understand their internal structures.

4. Divisions of Anatomy:- Two main divisions:- 1. Gross Anatomy or Macroscopic Anatomy:- Branch of anatomy that deals with the study of structures visible to the naked eye without the aid of magnification. It involves the examination of organs, tissues, and organ systems in their full, tangible form. Traditionally, gross anatomy has also been taught through the dissection of cadavers (human or animal bodies) to observe and study the three-dimensional structures of organs and tissues. Dissection allows to explore the relationships between different structures and gain a hands-on understanding of the body's organization.

5. Sub-divisions of Gross Anatomy:- 1.1) Surface Anatomy:- Branch of anatomy that focuses on the study of the external features of the body and the relationships between the underlying structures. It involves the examination and palpation (feeling with the hands) of the body's surface to identify anatomical landmarks, muscle contours, bony prominences, and other superficial structures. This knowledge is essential for various medical disciplines, including clinical examination, surgery, and medical imaging. 1.2) Regional Anatomy:- study of specific regions of the body, such as the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and limbs. 1.3) Systematic Anatomy:- the study of organ systems, such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. Systemic anatomy provides insights into how different organs work together to maintain the overall function of the body.

6. 1.4) Clinical Anatomy:- Also known as Applied anatomy. Gross anatomy is crucial for medical professionals, as it forms the basis for clinical practice. Understanding the spatial relationships between structures is essential for accurate diagnosis, surgical procedures, and medical interventions.

7. 2.)Microscopic Anatomy:- S tudy of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. It includes the examination of cells and tissues under a microscope. Cytology: The study of cells. Histology: The study of tissues. Subdivisions of Microscopic Anatomy: Cytology: Cytology is the study of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms. Microscopic examination allows researchers to investigate cell structure, organelles, and cell processes. Histology: S tudy of tissues, which are groups of cells with similar structure and function that work together to perform specific tasks. Tissues can be broadly categorized into four types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

8. Scope of Anatomy Medical Field: Anatomy is fundamental to medical education. It provides the foundation for understanding the structure of the human body, essential for medical professionals such as doctors, nurses, and surgeons. Research: Anatomical knowledge is crucial for researchers in fields like genetics, physiology, and pathology. It helps in understanding the structure-function relationships and mechanisms underlying various biological processes. Biomechanics: Understanding the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system is vital in fields like biomechanics, where researchers study the mechanical aspects of living organisms. Paleontology: Comparative anatomy is used in paleontology to study the evolution of organisms over geological time scales by comparing the anatomical structures of different species. Forensic Science: Anatomical knowledge is applied in forensic science for the identification of individuals based on skeletal remains. Art and Animation: Anatomical knowledge is essential for artists and animators to create realistic representations of the human body. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation: Understanding the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system is critical for physical therapists in designing effective rehabilitation programs. Sports Science: Anatomical knowledge is used in sports science to understand the biomechanics of movement, injury prevention, and performance optimization. Biomedical Engineering: Anatomical information is crucial in the design and development of medical devices and technologies.

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