Anatomy head and neck (norma verticalis)

This slide includes the way to study skull and complete description of Norma Verticalis ( Superior view of cranium)

1. AREEB FATIMA
STUDENT DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY
HUMAN ANATOMY
Head and Neck

2. Methods of Study of Skull
Skull can be studied as whole.
The whole skull can be studied from outside or externally
in different views:
Superior view or Norma verticalis.
Inferior view or Norma occipitalis.
Anterior view or Norma frontalis.
Lateral view or Norma lateralis.
Inferior view or Norma Basalis.
The whole skull can be studied from inside or internally
after removing the roof of the calvaria or skull cap:
Internal surface of cranial vault.
Internal surface of cranial base.
The skull can also be studied as individual bones.

3. Introduction and Osteology
(Part 2)

4. EXTERIOR OF THE SKULL

5. Norma Verticalis
Shape:
When viewed from above the skull is usually oval in shape.
It is wider posteriorly than anteriorly.
Bones seen in Norma Verticalis:
Anteriorly: Upper part of frontal bone.
Posteriorly: Uppermost part of occipital bone.
Laterally: Parietal bone.
Sutures:
Coronal suture: Between frontal and two parietal bones.
Sagittal suture: Placed in median plane between two parietal bones.
Lambdoid suture: Lies posteriorly between occipital and two parietal
bones.
Metopic suture: It is occasionally present in about 3 to 8% individuals.
It lies in median plane and separated the two halves of frontal bone.
Normally it fuses at six years of age.

6. Sutures & features of
Norma Verticalis
Metopic suture
Norma Verticalis (Continued)

7. Norma Verticalis (Continued)
Some other named
features:
Vertex is the highest point on the
sagittal suture.
Vault of the skull is the arched
roof of the skull.
Bregma is the meeting point
between the coronal and sagittal
sutures.
In foetal skull it is the site of
membranous gap called anterior
fontanelle , which closes at 18 to
24 months of age.

8. Norma Verticalis (Continued)
Lambda is the meeting point between the
sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
In the foetal skull , this is the site of
posterior fontanelle which closes at the
birth – 2 to 3 months of age.
Parietal foramen, one on each side, pierces
the parietal bone near its upper border , 2.5
cm to 4cm in front of lambda. The parietal
foramen transmits an emissary vein from the
veins of scalp to superior sagittal sinus.
Obelion is the point of sagittal suture
between the two parietal foramina.
Parietal tuber eminence is the area of
maximum convexity of the parital bones. This
is a common site of fracture of skull.

9. Norma Verticalis (Continued)

10. Norma Verticalis (Continued)
Temporal lines:
Begin at the zygomatic process
of frontal bone, arch backwards
and upwards, and cross the
frontal bone, the coronal suture
and the parietal bone.
Over the parietal bone, there are
two lines superior and inferior.
Traced anteriorly they fused to
form a single line. Traced
posteriorly, the superior line
fades out over the posterior part
of parietal bone, but inferior
temporal continues downwards
and forwards with zygomatic
arch.