Anatomy of head and cervical region of goat

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1. ANATOMY OF HEAD AND CERVICAL REGION OF GOAT BY: FAISAL SHAHZAD SOMROO 14-Arid-2022 PMAS

2. Head & Skull Head is basic and most anterior part of body. It has very a great importance in the body. Many important organs are found in this region. For example brain,eyes,nose,ears,mouth etc Skull is the basic framework of face it has to parts : Cranium part Facial part

3. Cranium It is brain case Brain is found in it Bones of cranium Frontal Parietal Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid Occipital

4. Facial part The part of skull which makes the face is called facial part It has maxilla, pre maxilla, lacrimal, nasal, Vomar, mandible , palatine & hyoid bones .

5. The paranasal Sinuses of the goat These are not solid bones Completed by membranes Developed by nasal mucosa in spongy bones. Here is the list of paranasal sinuses in goat. Maxillary Frontal Lacrimal Caudal Palatine Rostral Conchal Medial Dorsal Intermediate Ventral Lateral Sphenoid Ethmoid cells Middle conchal sinus

6. HORNS The horns project from the caudolateral angle of the frontal bone in both sexes, (except for hornless breeds.) have only a knob-like thickening of the bone. Round and tapering. conically to a small apex. specific, but is also quite variable individually.

7. SUPERFICIAL VEINS Basic veins External jugular Linguo facial Lingual Sublingual Facial Nasal

8. FACIAL NERVES Auricular I nternal auricular Vagus Auriculopalpebral Dorsal buccal branch A uriculotemporal ventral buccal

9. FACIAL MUSCLES Lip and cheek muscles, the muscles of the eyelids and nose, and ear muscles. Levator nasolabialis from the frontal bone Labii superioris around the infraorbital foramen Masseter in molar region Zygomaticus O rbicularis oris around the lips Buccinator forms cheek. Labii inferioris forms lower lip

10. BRAIN Brain is the upper portion of head. It is enclosed in the cranium(upper part of skull) It is center to control the all functions of body. Brain is divided into two hemi sphere. There is no direct blood supply to brain

11. Eyes Two eyes are present on lateral sides of face. Eyes have sensors which are sensitive to light. Ciliary artery supplies the blood to the eye. Optic nerve originates behind the eye and connects them with brain.

12. Cervical region After the skull, the 1 st part of vertebral column is called as cervical region. In the case of goat there are 7 vertebrae in neck region.

13. 1 st is known as axis . It is directly connected with the skull. 2 nd is called atlas and its dense is attached with the caudal surface of axis

14. 3 rd ,4 th & 5 th are same in shape and called as typical vertebrae. 6 th and 7 th are a bit long and different in shape

15. THANK YOU