Anatomy of liver

liver

1. ANATOMY OF LIVER

2. Liver is one of the largest organ in the body and weighs about 1200-1500g.  It is a wedge shaped organ which lies just beneath the diaphragm, with its base to the right and apex to the left.

3. 2 anatomical lobes -right and left Right lobe further divided into caudate lobe on the posterior surface and quadrate lobe on the inferior surface. A fold of peritoneum called falciform ligament separates the right and left lobe anteriorly. Image source: Sherlock, S., & Dooley, J. (2008). Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Chichester, GBR: Wiley. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cduni/reader.action?ppg=19&docID=10236665&tm=1427937381757

4. Liver is separated posteriorly by a fissure for ligamentum venosum . Image source: Sherlock, S., & Dooley, J. (2008). Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Chichester, GBR: Wiley. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cduni/reader.action?ppg=19&docID=10236665&tm=1427937381757

5. Inferior part of the liver is separated by the fissure for ligamentum teres . Image source: Sherlock, S., & Dooley, J. (2008). Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Chichester, GBR: Wiley. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cduni/reader.action?ppg=19&docID=10236665&tm=1427937381757

6. Porta hepatis is the fissure on the inferior surface of the  right lobe through which the poral triad which are portal vein, heopatic artery and bile duct enter the liver. Image source:  Lindor , K. D., & Vargas, H. E. (2010). Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : Liver and Biliary Disease. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cduni/reader.action?ppg=20&docID=10419293&tm=1427942102004

7. Blood supply Liver receives about 70% of its blood supply via the portal vein and 30% from the hepatic artery . Hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood to the liver and the portal vein brings food-laden blood from the abdominal viscera Hepatic artery divides into right and left branches   . Right branch divides into anterior and posterior branches. Left branch divides into medial and lateral branches.

8. There are 3 main hepatic veins which drains into the Inferior vena cava. A large central vein runs between the right and left halves of the liver and receives blood from each. Then right and left veins which lie further lateral to the central vein.

9. A Liver lobule consists of hepatic plates that are one or two cells thick. Hepatocytes are the principal cells of the hepatic plates. Hepatic plates are separated from each other by large capillary spaces called sinusoids. Phagocytic Kupffer cells line the sinusoids.

10. Bile is produced by the hepatocytes and secreted into thin channels called Bile canaliculi located within each hepatic plate. Bile drains toward the periphery of the hepatic plates to the bile ducts, which in turn drain into hepatic ducts that carry bile away from the liver.

11. Gall bladder is a pouch like organ attached to the inferior surface of the liver. Gall bladder store and concentrate bile.

12. Reference list: James, S.D., Anna.S.F.L ., Andrew, K.B., & Jenny, H. (2011), Shelrlock’s Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Jay. H.L., chapter 1. Anatomy and Function, p.1-10. Kent, M. V. , Ward. R., & Sidney, L.P. (2013), Schaum’s Outline of Human Anatomy and Physiology. (4 th ed.). Retrieved from http://accessengineeringlibrary.com.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/browse/schaums-outline-of-human-anatomy-and-physiology-fourth-edition