Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system

This presentation describe the anatomy of the cardiovascular system.

1. Cardiovascular System Anatomy

2. Objectives Introduction and Gross Anatomy Coronary Circulation Conduction System Arterial System & Venous system Histology of blood vessels

3. Introduction to CVS Components Of CVS Heart Blood Vessels Blood Two types of Circulation Systemic circulation Pulmonary circulation

4. Circulation

5. Gross Anatomy Conical hollow muscular organ 12 x 9 cm and weighs 300g males 250g females 4 chambers Right and left atria Right and left ventricles Septum Interatrial septum Interventricular septum

6. Gross Anatomy

7. Pericardium Fibroserous sac encloses heart and roots of the great vessels Consists of Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium Parietal layer – fused with fibrous pericardium Visceral layer – fused to the heart

8. Pericardium

9. Pericardial Cavity Pericardial cavity Potential space between the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium Contains thin film of serous fluid

10. Wall of the Heart Three layers Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

11. Position of the Heart Obliquely behind the body of the sternum 1/3 right to the median plane other 2/3 left to the median plane Apex of the Heart Formed by left ventricle Directed downward, forward to the left Left 5 th intercostal space 3 ½ inches lateral to midsternal line (just medial to the left midclavicular line)

12. Base of the Heart Formed by left atrium and small part of right atrium Opening of pulmonary veins Forms posterior surface of the heart

13. Right Atrium External extension – right auricle 3 main openings Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus Interior Smooth posterior part Rough anterior/pectinate part ( musculi pectinati) Septal wall Receive blood from the whole body and pumps to right ventricle through right AV orifice

14. Left atrium External extension – left auricle Two Pulmonary veins opens into the atrium each side of the posterior wall Interior Greater part smooth Musculi Pectinati - auricle Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs 4 pulmonary veins Pumps to left ventricle through left AV orifice

15. Right Ventricle Receive blood from the right atrium Pumps to the lungs through pulmonary artery Interior Rough part ( inflowing part)– trabecular carneae Papillary muscles – finger like projections from the ventricle wall Other end connects to cusps of AV valves through chordae tendinae Smooth part ( out flowing part)- infundibulum 2 orifices – tricuspid, pulmonary

16. Left Ventricle Receive oxygenated blood from the left atrium Pumps into the aorta Forms apex of the heart Interior Rough part (inflowing) Smooth part(outflow) – Aortic vestibule 2 orifices – mitral , aortic Wall Thickness – Left ventricle>>> Right Ventricle

17. Heart - Interior

18. Valves of the Heart 2 types of valves Atrioventricular Valves Left – bicuspid / mitral ( 2flaps) Right – tricuspid ( 3flpas) Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae prevent them from eversion towards atria Semilunar Valves- aortic and pulmonary 3 cusps – directly attached to vessel wall Blood caught in cusps push them to close position

19. Murmurs Turbulent flow through narrowed orifice cause abnormal sound Stenosis Mitral valve stenosis Aortic valve stenosis Regurgitation Aortic valve regurgitation Mitral valve regurgitation

20. Blood flow through the heart

21. Coronary Circulation Supply blood to the heart 2 coronary arteries Arise from the ascending aorta Right coronary artery Marginal Posterior interventricular Left coronary artery Anterior interventricular Circumflex

22. Coronary circulation

23. Veins of the heart ?

24. Veins of the heart ?

25. Arterial System

26. Venous System

27. Conduction system of the Heart Consists of modified cardiac muscle cells which are specialized for initiation and conduction of cardiac impulse Consists of SA node cardiac pacemaker – impulse 70/min Located at junction of SVC at right atrium AV node Located at right posterior part of interatrial septum Only conduction pathway between atria and ventricles

28. Conduction system of the Heart

29. Histology of Blood vessels

30. Histology of Blood vessels

31. Cross section of artery wall

32. Cross section of small vein

33. Thank You