Anatomy of the Knee Joint.pptx

Anatomy of the Knee Joint

1. Anatomy of the Knee joint Dr. M. taqi ehsani pgy1 of orthopedics, fmic

2. Knee joint Largest synovial joint in the body, consist of: Articulation between the femur and tibia (weigh-bearing) Articulation between patella and the femur Two fibrocartilaginous menisci, one on each side Basically a hinge joint that allows mainly flexion and extension

3. Articular surfaces Covered by hyaline cartilage Medial condylar joint Lateral condylar joint Patellofemoral joint The patellofemoral joint is V-Shaped trench surfaces of the femoral condyle that articulate with the tibia: in flexion of the knee = curved or round Full extension = Flat

4. Menisci two menisci, fibrocartilaginous C-shaped cartilages, medial and lateral meniscus Attached to the each end to facets in the intercondylar region of the tibial plateau Lateral meniscus is more mobile Interconnected anteriorly by a transverse ligament Improve congruency between the femoral and tibial condyles

5. Synovial membrane Attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces and to the superior and inferior outer margins of the menisci Forms pouches in two locations The Smallest, Subpopliteal recess Large bursa, Suprapatellar bursa Other bursae associated with the knee but not normally communicating with the articular cavity include: Subcutaneous prepatellar bursae and numerous others associated with tendons and ligaments around the joint

6. Fibrous membrane Partly formed and reinforced by extensions from tendons of the surrounding muscles Encloses the articular cavity and the intercondyle region Medially, attached Laterally, not attached Anteriorly, attached to margins of patella

7. Ligaments Patellar ligament Tibial (medial) Collateral Ligament Fibular (lateral) Collateral Ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament Posterior Cruciate Ligament

8. Locking mechanisms When standing, the knee joint is locked into position, thereby reducing the amount of muscle work needed to maintain the standing position Medial rotation of femur on the tibia during extension, tighten all the associated ligaments The body’s center of gravity is positioned along the vertical line that passes anterior to the knee joint , keeps knee extended The popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia

9. Muscles producing movement Extension Quadriceps femoris Flexion Biceps femoris Semitendinosus semimembranosus Medial rotation Popliteus Semimembranosus semitendinosus Lateral rotation Biceps femoris

10. Vascular supply  five major constant arteries, namely, the superior medial and lateral, the middle (posterior), and the inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries Descending and genicular branches from: Femoral artery Popliteal artery Lateral circumflex femoral artery Circumflex fibular artery Recurrent branches of anterior tibial artery in leg These vessels form an anastomotic network around the joint

11. Innervation Innervated by branches from: Obturator Femoral Tibial Common fibular nerves

12. Tibiofibular joint The small proximal tibiofibular joint is synovial, little movement Joint surfaces, lateral condyle of tibia and superomedial surface of head of the fibula, flat and circular The capsule is reinforced by anterior and posterior ligaments

13. Popliteal fossa Important area of transition between the thigh and leg, diamond shape behind the knee joint formed between muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh and leg Boundaries Nerves and vessels Superficial structures

14. Thank you for your attention