Anemia & types of anemia

anemia definition,causes,types,symptoms,treatment

1. Anemia& Types of Anemia P . Srinu Asst.Prof. Pharmacology Dept Vignan institute of pharmaceutical technology Duvvada, Visakhapatnam

2. Anemia& Types of Anemia Condition in which the blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells. Anaemia results from a lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen flow to the body’s organs. Symptoms may include fatigue, skin pallor, shortness of breath, light-headedness, dizziness or a fast heartbeat.

3. What causes anemia ? The most common cause of anemia is low levels of iron in the body. This type of anemia is called iron-deficiency anemia. Your body needs a certain amount of iron to make hemoglobin, the substance that moves oxygen throughout your body.

4. Anemia of chronic disease refers to having low levels of red blood cells as a result of autoimmune diseases (diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks joints and/or body organs) or other chronic illnesses. Chronic diseases are those that last longer than 3 months. Symptoms of anemia of chronic disease?
Feeling tired or weak.
Having pale skin.
Having shortness of breath.
Sweating.
Being dizzy or feeling faint.
Rapid heartbeat.
Having headaches.

5. Treatment might include oxygen, pain relievers, and oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent complications. Doctors might also recommend blood transfusions, folic acid supplements and antibiotics. Hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made. The destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If you have a lower than normal amount of red blood cells, you have anemia. This may happen because of:
Certain infections, which may be viral or bacterial.
Medicines, such as penicillin, antimalarial medicines, sulfa medicines, or acetaminophen.
Blood cancers.
Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or ulcerative colitis.
Certain tumors.
An overactive spleen (hypersplenism) Treatments for hemolytic anemia include blood transfusions, medicines, plasmapheresis (PLAZ-meh-feh-RE-sis), surgery, blood and marrow stem cell transplants, and lifestyle changes.

6. Aplastic anemia : rare condition in which the body stops producing enough new blood cells.
Aplastic anaemia develops as a result of bone marrow damage. The damage may be present at birth or occur after exposure to radiation, chemotherapy, toxic chemicals, some drugs or infection. Symptoms may develop slowly or suddenly. Fatigue, frequent infections, rapid heart rate and bleeding may occur. The most common cause of aplastic anemia is from your immune system attacking the stem cells in your bone marrow. Other factors that can injure bone marrow and affect blood cell production include: Radiation and chemotherapy treatments. Treatment depends on severity
If necessary, treatment can include medication, blood transfusions and stem-cell transplants.

7. Pernicious anemia decrease in red blood cells when the body can’t absorb enough vitamin B12.
Common causes include a weakened stomach lining or an auto-immune condition. The most common cause of vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia is a lack of a substance called intrinsic factor, which can be caused when your immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach cells that produce this substance. This type of anemia is called pernicious anemia. Treatment : Supplement or B12 injections, or a high-dose oral vitamin B12 if you are deficient. Older adults who have a vitamin B12 deficiency will likely have to take a daily B12 supplement or a multivitamin that contains B12.

8. Folate-deficiency anemia is the lack of folic acid in the blood. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps your body make red blood cells. If you don’t have enough red blood cells, you have anemia. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. Common symptoms of folate deficiency can include:
Tiredness, fatigue and lethargy.
Muscle weakness.
Neurological signs, such as a feeling of pins and needles, tingling, or burning, or peripheral neuropathy, i.e. a numbness in the extremities Treatment :Folate deficiency anemia is prevented and treated by eating a healthy diet. This includes foods rich in folic acid, such as nuts, leafy green vegetables, enriched breads and cereals, and fruit

9. Sickle cell anemia sickle cell disease, an inherited group of disorders, red blood cells contort into a sickle shape. The cells die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anaemia) and can block blood flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis

10. Treatment depends on severity
Treatments include medication, blood transfusions and rarely a bone-marrow transplant. Thalassemia :blood disorder involving lower-than-normal amounts of an oxygen-carrying protein.
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterised by less oxygen-carrying protein (haemoglobin) and fewer red blood cells in the body than normal. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, paleness and slow gowth. Standard Treatments Blood Transfusions. Transfusions of red blood cells are the main treatment for people who have moderate or severe thalassemias. …
Iron Chelation Therapy. The hemoglobin in red blood cells is an iron-rich protein. …
Folic Acid Supplements. …
Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplant.