ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY.pptx

Definition, Classification, Clinical features, Diagnosis and Management & Prevention.

1. ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY BY: MS. LAMNUNNEM HAOKIP SENIOR TUTOR OBG NURSING SSNSR, SU

2. INTRODUCTION Anemia, the most common hematologic abnormality, is a reduction in the concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in blood. The two most common causes of anemia in pregnancy and the puerperium are iron deficiency and acute blood loss . Iron requirements increase during pregnancy, and a failure to maintain sufficient levels of iron may result in adverse maternal–fetal consequences.

3. DEFINITON It is defined as low haemoglobin concentration resulting in a decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. According to WHO. Hb level less than 11g/dL is considered Anemia during pregnancy.

4. CLASSIFICATION MODERATE: 7 – 10.9 g/dL INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH SEVERE: 4 – 6.9 g/dL MILD: 10.1 – 9 g/L DECOMPENSATED: <4 g/dL MODERATE: 7.1 – 10 g/dL VEREY SEVERE: <4 g/dL SEVERE: 4.1 – 7 g/dL THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION

5. COMMON TYPES OF ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIA VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY

6. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA This type of anemia occurs when the body doesn't have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin. That's a protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. In iron-deficiency anemia, the blood cannot carry enough oxygen to tissues throughout the body.

7. FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIA Folate is the vitamin found naturally in certain foods like green leafy vegetables A type of B vitamin, the body needs folate to produce new cells, including healthy red blood cells. During pregnancy, women need extra folate. Man made supplements of folate are called  folic acid . Folate deficiency can directly contribute to certain types of birth defects, such as neural tube abnormalities (spina bifida) and low birth weight.

8. VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY The body needs vitamin B12 to form healthy red blood cells. When a pregnant woman doesn't get enough vitamin B12 from their diet, their body can't produce enough healthy red blood cells. Women who don't eat meat, poultry, dairy products, and eggs have a greater risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency, which may contribute to birth defects, such as neural tube abnormalities, and could lead to preterm labor.

9. DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA Hemoglobin estimation 14 – 16 weeks 20 – 24 weeks 26 – 30 weeks 32 – 34 weeks Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), to detect the type of anemia Serum ferritin  is a sensitive indicator of IDA in pregnant women. Concentration below 30μg/L, indicates early iron depletion. To rule out refractory anemia, urine should be checked for albumin, sugar and deposits and occult blood Bone marrow examination Stool examination

10. PREVENTION Food Diversification Food fortification Supplementation- Interventions implemented by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme Sabla National Nutrition Mission

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES Annamma Jabob . A comprehensive textbook of Midwifery and Gynaecological Nursing, Fourth edition. Lily Podder . Fundamentals of Midwifery and Obstetrical Nursing. ELSEVIER. DC Dutta’s textbook of Obstetrics. Hiralal Konar 8 th Edition.Jaypee The Health Sciences Publisher. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/anemia/pregnancy https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23112-anemia-during-pregnancy https://www.nhp.gov.in/disease/gynaecology-and-obstetrics/anaemia-during-pregnancy-maternal-anemia