anesthesia (general anaesthesia)......pptx

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1. Anaesthetic agents

2. Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anaesthetic agents Pharmacokinetics refers to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these agents: Absorption : Inhaled anaesthetics are absorbed through the alveoli into the bloodstream. Their solubility in blood and tissues affects the rate of absorption. Distribution : Once absorbed, they distribute quickly to the brain and other tissues with high blood flow due to their high lipid solubility. Metabolism : Most inhaled anaesthetics are minimally metabolized in the liver, with the majority being exhaled unchanged. Exceptions include halothane, which undergoes significant hepatic metabolism. Excretion : Excretion occurs primarily through the lungs via exhalation, with minimal renal excretion.

3. Pharmacodynamics of inhaled anaesthetic agents Pharmacodynamics involves the effects of these agents on the body: CNS Effects: Inhaled anaesthetics depress the CNS in a dose-dependent manner, leading to anaesthesia characterized by unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility. Cardiovascular Effects : They typically cause dose-dependent myocardial depression and vasodilation, resulting in decreased cardiac output and blood pressure. Respiratory Effects: Inhaled anaesthetics depress respiratory drive and can cause respiratory depression. They also decrease the response to carbon dioxide, which can lead to hypoventilation. Muscle Effects: They relax skeletal muscles, which aids in surgical procedures requiring muscle relaxation.