Angle & Axis of Eyeball

optics of Angles & Axis of eyeball.
There are three angles & three axis in human eyeball.
The reference are given in the last slide.

1. ANGLE & AXIS By:- Harsh Jain 2 nd year B-Optometry

2. AXIS

3. Optic axis Optic axis is the line passing through the center of the cornea as well as center of all the elements of eyeball. Like Center of curvature of two surfaces of cornea and center of curvature of two surfaces of crystalline lens and nodal point of the eye ball lies on optic axis.

4. Visual axis Visual axis is the line joining the fixation point, nodal point and the fovea.

5. Fixation axis Fixation axis is the line joining the fixation point and the center of rotation.

6. ANGLES

7. Angle Alpha Angle formed between optics axis and visual axis is called Angle A lpha .

8. Angle Gamma Angle formed between optics axis and fixation axis is called angle gamma.

9. Angle Kappa Angle formed between Pupillary line and visual axis measured on the center of pupil from outside of eyeball is called angle kappa.

10. REFERENCE Theory and practice of optics & refraction - A.K KHURANA