Animal Tissues , organs and organs syste

Animal Tissues

1. Levels of Organization in Various Animals

2. Tissues

3. What are tissues?  Group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function Classification of Animal tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue

4. Epithelial Tissue  Exists in many structural forms  Either covers or lines something  Typically consists of renewable sheets of cells that have surface specialization adapted for their specific roles  Size and arrangement are directly related to their specific functions

5. Simple S quamous E pithelium Consists of a single layer of tightly packed, flattened cells with disk- shaped central nucleus

6. Simple C uboidal E pithelium Consists of a single layer of tightly packed, cube –shaped cells

7. Simple columnar epithelium Consists of a single layer of elongated cells

8. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium except for A tuft of cilia tops each columnar cell, goblet cells

9. Stratified squamous epithelium Consists of many layers of cells

10. Connective Tissue  Primarily for support and connection  Distributed throughout an extracellular matrix (frequently contains fibers that are embedded in ground substance with a consistency anywhere from liquid to solid) 2 General Types of Arrangement Loose connective tissues – strong, flexible fibers of the protein collagen are interwoven with fine, elastic, and reticular fibers, giving LCT its elastic consistency and making it an excellent binding tissue Fibrous connective tissues – collagen fibers are densely packed and may lie parallel to one another, creating very strong cords

11. Loose connective tissue Contains numerous fibroblasts that produce collagenous and elastic fibers

12. Fibrous connective tissue Consists largely of tightly packed collagenous fibers

13. Adipose Tissue A type of loose connective tissue that consists of large cells that store lipid. Most often, the cells accumulate in large numbers to form what is commonly called fa t .

14. Hyaline cartilage material Located in lacunae surrounded by intercellular containing fine collagenous fibers

15. Elastic cartilage elastic Contains fine collagenous fibers and many fibers in its intercellular material

16. Fibrocartilage in its Contains many large, collagenous fibers intercellular material

17. Bone (osseous) tissue Bone matric is deposited in concentric layers around osteonic ca na ls

18. Blood Blood is a type of connective tissue in which a fluid is called plasma that suspends specialized red and white blood cells plus platelets.

19. Nervous Tissue Neuron  Impulse-inducting cells Neuroglia  Involved with protection, support and nourishment Periphera l glia l cells  Form sheaths and help protect, nourish and maintain cells of the peripheral nervous system

20. Nervous tissue o t h er Neurons in nervous tissue transmit electrical signals to neurons, muscles, or glands.

21. Muscle Tissue  Allows movement 3 Kinds of Muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

22. Skeletal M uscle T issue Composed of striated muscle fibers (cells) that are long and cylindrical and contain many peripheral nuclei.

23. Smooth m uscle tissue It is formed of spindle-shaped cells, each containing a single centrally located nucleus. Cells are arranged closely to form sheets. Smooth muscle tissue is not striated.

24. Cardiac m uscle Consists of branched striated cells, each containing a single nucleus and specialized junctions called interca la ted disks that allow ions to move quickly from cell to cell.

25. O r g a n s Organ , an independent part of the body Functional units of an animal’s body that are made up of more than one type of tissue Examples Heart Lungs Liver Spleen Kidneys

26. Organ Systems Systema , being together Association of organs that together performs an overall function Organ systems in higher vertebrate animals are Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Nervous system Endocrine system Circulatory system Lymphatic system Resporatory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive system