Antenna presentation using radio mobile app by telecommunications students

Antenna presentation

1. KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING BACHELORS OF ENGINEERING IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING COURSE UNIT; ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION COURSE CODE: TETE 3204P

2. GROUP MEMBERS NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER ODUR MORISH 21/U/ETE/7761/PE SSENTOOGO DERICK 22/U/ETE/2039/PE KIGHUSU SILIVE 22/U/ETE/3839/PE AHIMBISIBWE VICTOR 22/U/ETE/3770/PE

3. Title: Radio Mobile Software Lab Report: Line of Sight Analysis between kyambogo university and Uganda Christian university Subtitle: Exploring Radio Propagation for Communication Networks

4. PURPOSE OF THE LAB REPORT To determine the line of sight between kyambogo university and UCU Mukono using Radio Mobile Software . Tools used Radio mobile software laptop

5. BACKGROUND R adio mobile software; Radio Mobile is a software tool used for predicting the performance of radio communication systems. It was developed by Roger Coude in the late 1980s and has since been continually updated and improved. Line of sight; Line of sight (LOS) refers to the unobstructed path between a transmitter and a receiver in a communication system.

6. PROCEDURE Open the radio mobile app Configure unit properties as follows; Base station 0.3474⁰N for latitude and 32.6321⁰ E for longitude Customer end 0.3680 ⁰N for latitude and 32.7542⁰ E for longitude Network topology; under network topology configure parameters, topology, systems, membership and style you want to use respectively. Extract maps for both base station and customer station

7. PARAMETERS USED Parameters values Antenna height 30m frequency 51-58 GHZ Antenna type OMNI Antenna gain 23dBi Transmit power 23dBm Line loss 0.5dB Receiver threshold -75 dBm

8. OBSERVATION As seen in the picture below, there was no obstacle in the line of sight between kyambogo university and UCU

9. LINE OF SIGHT BETWEEN KYAMBOGO AND UCU

10. RESULTS EXPLANATIONS OF PARAMETERS Azimuth Angle: - Indicates the horizontal direction from the observer to the target point. Free Space Loss: - Represents the loss of signal strength in free space propagation. Path Loss: - Represents additional loss of signal strength due to obstacles or terrain. Elevation Angle: - Indicates the vertical angle of the line of sight. Forest: - Represents additional signal attenuation due to forested terrain. Distance: - Specifies the separation distance between the observer and the target point. Urban: - Represents additional signal attenuation due to urban environment. Clearance: - Specifies the distance of clearance from obstacles or terrain.

11. CONTINUATION OF PARAMETERS Antenna height; the vertical distance between the ground level and centre of antenna. Urban loss; reduction in signal strength experienced in urban environments due to mainly tall buildings Fresnel zone; is an elliptical region surrounding the line of sight between a transmitter and a receiver. Fresnel radius; the radius of the first Fresnel zone, it is given by R=(c.d1.d2/ f.d )½ where c is constant which is 0.6, d1 and d2 are the distances from the transmitter to the first and second points along the path, f is frequency of the signal and d is total distance between transmitter and receiver.

12. CONTINUATION OF PARAMETERS Path loss; reduction in signal strength as radio waves travel through a medium RX relative; the relative power received at a receiver compared to power transmitted by a transmitter. It is calculated from Pr= Pt+Gt+Gr -L where Pr is received power, Pt is transmitted power, Gt and Gr are gains of receiving and transmitting antennas respectively and L is the path loss. Electric field strength; the intensity of an electric field at a given point in space often measured in volts per meter.

13. PROBLEMS FACED High Path Loss: The path loss of 110 dB indicates significant signal attenuation, which may lead to poor communication quality or complete signal loss. Signal Attenuation from Obstacles: Additional signal attenuation from forest and urban environments further reduces signal strength, exacerbating communication challenges. Limited Clearance Distance: The specified clearance distance of 6 km may not be sufficient to mitigate path loss and signal attenuation effects effectively.

14. RECOMMENDATION Antenna Elevation: Adjust the elevation angle to optimize line-of-sight alignment and minimize path loss. Antenna Height: Increase the height of transmitting and receiving antennas to improve signal propagation above obstacles.

15. CONCLUSION The simulation results highlight challenges in establishing reliable line-of-sight communication between the two places due to significant path loss and signal attenuation. Optimal antenna positioning, terrain analysis, and signal amplification are critical for overcoming communication obstacles and improving signal strength.