ANTENNAE.pptx

Insect antennae with images, total slides 35

1. ANTENNAE Of INSECT Publication date : 15.04.2021 Antennae are movable sensory organs on the head of most arthropods. All insects generally have a pair of antennae except spiders. The  antennae are segmented and usually located above or between the eyes.

2. Tusar K. Ghosal M.Sc. (Special paper: Entomolgy ), Ph.D . in Science (Zoology) Email : [email protected] Published : 15 th April 2021 Basic Zoology and Entomology Practical Class : III

3. ANTENNAE INTRODUCTION It is a pair of sense organs located on head capsule of the insect. An antenna is made up of number of individual joints. They are usually detect odor molecules in the air (the sense of smell ). Primarily, it assess the chemical and physical characteristics of the environment.  The plural noun form of “antenna” comes in two flavors ie “ antennas” and “antennae .” There are  nearly thirteen  different antennae shapes and its form have had an important key to its identification.

4. Function of Antennae T he antennae generally might be used to detect odors   and tastes. It may detect wind speed and direction. It also detect heat and moisture and even touch. A few insects have auditory organs on their antennae, so they're involved in hearing. In some insects, antennae may even serve a non-sensory function, such as grasping prey, flight stability, or courtship.

5. Antennae Antenna generally consists of 3 parts - Scape : It is the first segment of antenna. It articulates with the head capsule through antennifer which provides movement for the scape. Pedicel : It is the 2nd segment of antenna which forms a joint between scape and flagellum. It consists of the special auditory organ known as “ Jhonston’s organ”. Jhonston’s organ on pedicel functions as an auditory organ responding to sound and also helpful for measuring the speed of air currents. Flagellum : It is the last segment which consists of many segments that varies in shape and size.

6. Insect Antennae

7. Filiform a ntennae The term filiform derives from the Latin ward   filum , meaning thread. Thread like Segments nearly uniform in size, usually cylindrical and have no prominent constructions at the joints. eg . Grasshopper (Order: Orthoptera ); rock crawlers ( order: Grylloblattodea ); Gladiators (Order: Mantophasmatodea ); Angel insects (Order: Zoraptera ); Ground and long horned beetle (Order: coleoptera ) Grasshopper (Order: Orthoptera );

8. Rock crawler (order: Grylloblattodea ) Gladiators (Order: Mantophasmatodea ) Angel insects (Order: Zoraptera ). Filiform a ntennae

9. Ensiform antennae The segments of flagellum are thin and gradually tapers towards the apex and form a leaf blade like structures. eg . Green grasshopper (Order: Orthoptera ).

10. Setaceous a ntennae The term setaceous comes from the Latin  seta , meaning bristle. Noticeable decrease in the size of segments from the base to the apex, so that the antenna tapers from a rather thick base to a very slender tip. eg . May-flies (Order: Ephemeroptera ); Dragon flies and damsel flies (Order: Odonata ). Cockroch aches (Order: Blattodea ); Cicada ( Hemiptera ) May-flies (Order: Ephemeroptera )

11. Dragon fly ( Order: Odonata ). Damsel fly (Order: Odonata ) Cockroa ch (Order: Blattodea ) Setaceous a ntennae

12. Moniliform a ntennae Moniliform comes from the Latin word   monile , meaning necklace. The antennae look like strings of beads. The segments are usually bead-like and uniform in size. eg . Termites (Order : Isoptera ).

13. Capitate a ntennae Antennae are clubbed with knob. Capitate antennae have a prominent club or knob at their last three segments. The term capitate derives from the Latin  caput , meaning head. eg . Butterflies ( Order : Lepidoptera);   Red flour beetle ( Coleoptera ); Antlion (

14. Clavate a ntennae The term clavate comes from the Latin  clava , meaning club. Clavate antennae terminate in a gradual club or knob (unlike the capitate antennae, which end with an abrupt, pronounced knob.) eg . Butterflies (Order : Lepidoptera), Carrion beetles (Order : Coleoptera ). Gradually enlarged towards the end except last few segments, A. Danais , B. Orsotriaena , C. Hypolimnas , D. Pareba , E. Libythea , F. Abisara , G. Papilio , H. Pieris , j. Lampides , K Tagiades .

15. Clavate & Clavate with hook Clubbed antennae with hook. Segments are g radually increase in diameter and Last one end with a small hook like structure. eg . Butterfly, Skipper (Order : Lepidoptera ); Carrion beetle,Blister beetle ( Coleoptera ) Butterfly antennae

16. Clavate antennae Carrion beetle ( Coleoptera ) Blister beetle ( Coleoptera )

17. The segments ofnnnnnnnnnmmm SHAFT CLUB CAPITATE & CLAVATE

18. Serrate a ntennae The segments of serrate antennae are notched or angled on one side, making the antennae look like a saw blade. The term serrate derives from the Latin  serra , meaning saw. eg . Pulse beetles, Leaf beetle, Click beetle (Order: Coleoptera ).

19. Lamellate a ntennae The term lamellate comes from the Latin ward   lamella , means thin plate or scale. The segments at the tip are flattened, nested and looks like a folding fan. eg . Dung beetles, Scarab beetle, Rhinoceros beetle (Order : Coleopteera ).

20. Lamellate a ntennae Dung beetles Scarab beetle Rhinoceros beetle

21. Flabellate a ntennae Flabellate  comes from the Latin  flabellum , meaning fan. Its terminal segments extend laterally with long parallel lobes that lie flat against one another and feature looks like a folding paper fan. eg . These are found in several insect groups within the Order : Coleoptera ; Hymenoptera; Stylopids ( strepsiptera ). Hymenoptera

22. Flabellate a ntennae Strepsiptera Coleoptera Coleoptera

23. Pectinate a ntennae The segments of pectinate antennae are longer on one side, giving each antennae a single comb-like shape. The term pectinate derives from the Latin  pectin , meaning comb. eg . Female Arctid moth (Order: Lepidoptera); Saw-flies (Order: Hymenoptera); Fire coloured Beetles (Order: Coleoptera ); Spring Fishfly ( Megaloptera ) . Gypsy moth Spring Fishfly

24. Pectinate a ntennae Saw-flies (Hymenoptera ) Fire coloured beetle ( Coleoptera ) Click beetle ( Coleoptera )

25. Bi-pectinate a ntennae The segments of bipectinate antennae are longer on both side, giving each antennae a double comb-like shape. eg. Silk moths (Order: Lepidoptera); Small beetle, Click beetle ( Coleoptera ).

26. Bi-pectinate a ntennae Small beetle ( Coleoptera ) Silk moth (Lepidoptera)

27. Plumose a ntennae The segments of plumose antennae have fine branches alike tuft of hairy structures, giving them a feathery appearance. The term plumose derives from the Latin  pluma , meaning feather. eg . Male mosquitos (Order: Diptera ); Glow worm beetle ( Coleoptera ).

28. Pilose a ntennae Looks like plumose but each whorl contains less number hairs. The segments of pilose antennae given them a feathery appearance. eg . Female mosquitos (Order: Diptera ), Mango mealy bug (Order: Hemiptera ).

29. Pilose antennae Mango Mealy bug Female mosquito

30. ARISTATE a ntennae The last segment usually enlarged and bearing a conspicuous dorsal bristle known as arista. eg . House flies (Order: Diptera ). arista

31. Stylate a ntennae Sty late  comes from the Latin  word stylus means pointed instrument. In these antennae, the last or final segment terminates in a long slender finger like prosess called style . The style may be hairlike but will extend from the end and never from the side. eg . Robber flies, Snipe flies, and Bee flies, True flies (Order: Diptera ); Aphid ( Hemiptera )

32. Stylate antennae Robber flies True fly ( Diptera ) Aphid ( Hemiptera )

33. Geniculate a ntennae Geniculate antennae are bent and almost like a knee or elbow shaped. The term geniculate derives from the Latin  genu , meaning knee. e g . Ant and bees (Order : Hymenoptera); Weevil (Order: Coleoptera ).

34. Geniculate a ntennae Wasp Bee Ant

35. Dedicate to my Mother SANDHYA Ghosal & Mother-in-law RUMA Majumder