Anthelmintics drugs.pdf

At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
1. Discuss type of helminths or worm infections.
2. Explain pharmacology of Anthelminthic Drugs.

For 30+ video lecture series on Pharmacology Experiment as per PCI B Pharm Syllabus refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Ba6WSJjeBaK0HMF79hdad3g
For 2+ video lecture series on Pharmacoeconomics refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY8U1TnlcHttsRB8hwpoJRL
For 5+ video lecture series on Pharmacoepidemiology refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbqIaLoMmuF0Bf66SMFZtnb
For 5+ video lecture series on Drug discovery refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1Bbn9IE6c4MagVHZMNNinJov
For 5+ video lecture series on Drugs used in Special population use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZAed7zkXxyrgomJx2sSwHR
For 5+ video lecture series on Adverse Drug Reaction use link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BbWpd06N6RcV2q0K3JT29Wv
For 2+ video lecture series on Therapeutic drug monitoring refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BZQtOerZuDjx4yo0eOeTHIy
For 26+ video lecture series on Drugs act on central nervous system refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BY9xHaplYCYG26ALtIQp5aC
For 6+ video lecture series on drugs act on Gastrointestinal tract refer link given below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBVbJ9HCa1BYgHRHwuarKTt96bu_2L5WK
To support this channel you can through UPI ID: abushaikh07-yahoo.com@okhdfcbank
For More Such Learning You Can Subscribe to My YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5o-WkzmDJaF7udyAP2jtgw/featured?sub_confirmation=1
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/asacademylearningforever
Website Blog: https://itasacademy.blogspot.com/

1. Prof. Shaikh Abusufiyan
Assistant Professor,
AIKTC-School of Pharmacy,
New Panvel-410206
Anthelminthic Drugs
Pharma Learning Forever

2. At the end of this e-learning session you are able to…
A.Discuss type of helminths.
B.Explain pharmacologyof
Anthelminthic Drugs.

3. Activity I: Self learning of e-content

4. ●Manyhumanharbour-->helminths(Worms)ofone
speciesoranother.
●Insomecasestheseinfection-->resultsmainlyin
discomfortanddonotcauseillhealth.eg.Threadworms
inchildren.
●Otherworminfections,suchasSchistosomiasisand
hookwormdisease-->canproduceveryserious
morbidity.

5. Sexual reproduction of worms:
●Most worm reproduce sexually in human host (Primary
host)
Produces egg or larvae
When passes out the body
it infect the secondary host

6. Type of worm infections
Those in which
1.worm lives in alimentary canal
2.worms lives in other tissue of the host body

7. Worm lives in alimentary canal
1. Tapeworm (Cestodes)
The usual intermediatehosts of tapeworm are
●cattle
●pigs
●and fresh water fish.
●Human become infected --> by eating raw or under
cooked meatof these animals or fishes.

8. 2. Intestinal Round worms (Nematodes): 4 types
1. Common round worm
2. Thread worm
3. Whipe-worm
4. Hookworms

9. Worms lives in the host tissues
1.Trematodesorflukes:
•Infectioncausedbytrematodesorflukesis
calledasSchistosomiasis(bilharzia).
2.Tissueroundworms:areof2types
a.Guineaworms
b.Filariaeworms

10. a.Guineaworms
●ThegravidfemalemigratetotheS.Ctissuesoftheleg
orthefootandprotrudethroughanulcerinthe
skin.
●Thewormmaybeuptoameterinlengthandhasto
beremovedsurgically
●Orbyslowmechanicalwindningofthewormontothe
stickoveraperiodofdays.

12. b.Filariaeworm:
●Majorfilarialdiseasearecausedbywuchereria
whichcausedobstructionofthelymphaticvessels
producingelephantiasis.

14. Q&A: Activity II
Q.1 Enlist types of worm infection.
Q.2 Name worm which migrate to the S.C
tissuesof the leg or the foot and protrude
through an ulcer in the skin?
Q.3 How Filariae worm causes
elephantiasis.

15. Anthelmintic Drugs
●To be an effective anthelmintic drugs
●it must be able to --> penetrate the cuticle of the
worms
●or gain access--> to alimentary tract.
•Limitation: This lead to difficulties for the design of
good anthelmintic drugs.

16. ●Somewormsareexclusively-->haemophagous
(bloodeating)whileotheraretissuegazers.
Thereforerootanddoseofanthelmintic-->is
Importantandmustbechosencarefully.

17. MOA of anthelmintic drugs
1.Paralysisofwormsordamageswormcuticle
Leadingtopartialdigestionorrejectionbyimmune
system.
2.Interferewith-->metabolismoftheworm

18. Classification
1.Forroundworm
eg.Mebendazole,Albendazole,Pyrantal,Piperazine,Levamisole,
Ivermectin.
2.Forhookworm
eg.Mebendazole,Albendazole,Pyrantal,Levamisole
3.Forthreadworm
eg.Mebendazole,Albendazole,Pyrantal,Piperazine

19. 4. For whipworm
Eg.Mebendazole,Albendazole
5.Forfilariasis
eg.Albendazole,Ivermectin
6.Fortapeworms
Albendazole,Praziquantal

20. Benzimidazole
●Eg.Mebendazole, Albendazole, Thiabendazole
●Are broad spectrum agents

21. MOA: Polymerization
●Beta-Tubulin Microtubule
Benzimidazole
Glucose uptake by the worm

22. MOA:
●BenzimidazoleBindtofreebetatubulin
Andinhibititspolymerizationandthusinterferewith
Microtubulindependentglucoseuptakebytheworm.

23. ●Theactionisselectiveonthehelminthmicrotubules
–250to400timesmorepotentinhelminththen
mammaliantissue.
●Effecttaketimetodevelop-->Wormsmaynotbe
expelledforseveraldays.

24. Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
●Only10%ofdrugisabsorbedafteroral
administration.
●Fattymeal–Increasesabsorption
Metabolism:
●Rapidlymetabolisedinliver
Excretion:
●Excretedinurineandbile

25. Pharmacokinetics
Dose:
●Given as single daily dose--> for thread worm
●Twiceadaily-->for3daysforhookwormandround
worminfection.

26. Unwanted effect
●Very few
●GIT Disturbance

27. Q&A: Activity III
Q.1 What is the use of Ivermectin?
Q.2 Give mechanism of action of
Benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs?
Q.3 Recommend food to enhance
absorption of Benzimidazole anthelmintic
drugs.

28. Activity IV: Self learning of e-content

29. Albendazole
●Broadspectrumanthelmintics
●Afteroraladministration,itisrapidlyabsorbedand
metabolisedtosulfoxideandsulfone.
Responsibleforanthelminthicaction

30. ●The plasma concentration of metabolites --> is 100
times greater then that of mebendazole.
Unwanted effect:
●GIT disturbance

31. Praziquantel:
●Highly effective broad spectrum anthelmintic drug.
●Drug of choice forall form of schistosomiasis--> used
in large scale schistosome eradication programmes.

32. MOA
●It apparently disturb the calcium homeostasisin the
parasite
Induces the calcium influx
Rapid and prolonged contractionof the musculature
Paralysis and death of worm

33. Pharmacokinetics
●Given orally -the praziquantel is well
absorbed
●Metabolised in the liver
●Metabolites are excreted in the urine
●The plasma half life –60 to 90 min.

34. Unwanted effects:
●GIT disturbance
●Dizziness
●Aching in muscle
●Joint skin eruption
●And low grade fever
●It is safe for pregnant and lactating women.

35. ●Piperazine:
●Usedtotreatinfectionwithcommonroundworm
infectionandthreadworms.

36. MOA:
●Itirreversiblyinhibitneuromusculartransmissionin
theworms(byactinglikeGABA-theinhibitory
neurotransmitter).
leadstoparalysisofwormandtheparalysedwormare
expelledalive.

37. Pharmacokinetics
●Itisgivenorally-somebutnotallisabsorb
●Itispartlymetabolizedandremainderis
eliminatedunchangedviathekidney.

38. Unwanted effect
●GIT disturbance
●Urticaria
●Bronchospasm-occur occasionally
●Some patient experiences
●dizziness
●paraesthesia's
●vertigo
●And incoordination.

39. Q&A: Activity V
Q.1 Give mechanism of action of
Praziquantel?
Q.3 Recommend food to enhance
absorption of Benzimidazole anthelmintic
drugs.

40. Reference:
•H.PRang.MMDale,J.MRitter,R.JFlower,G
Henderson.Pharmacology,SeventhEdition.Elsevier
ChurchillLivengstonPublication.Pageno:668-672