Anthropology

Human Evolution

1. SHRI VAISHNAV VIDHYAPEETH VISHWAVIDHYALAYA SESSION – 2019-20 ANTHROPOLOGY HUMAN EVOLUTION GUIDED BY, PREPARED BY, Mr. KETAN PATIL SIR MUSKAN NEEMA Asst. Prof. SVIFS B.Sc ( IV Sem ) 1706DBSFS02118

2. INDEX Introduction Evolutionary link Dryopithecus Ramapithecus and Kenyapithecus Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus erectus Homo erectus pekinensis Homo erectus heidelbergensis Homo sapiens neanderthalansis Homo sapiens fossils Homo sapiens sapiens Reference

3. INTRODUCTION Human evolution is a slow and gradual process which took a very long period of time and the process is still in going phase.

4. EVOLUTIONARY LINK

5. DRYOPITHECUS Life arises in Archezoic era or Precambrian era. Dryopithecus is considered as the common ancestor of ape and man. Their fossils are about 25 million years old. They were more similar to ape.

6. Ramapithecous and Kenyapithecous The fossils of Ramapithecous were discovered by Lewis from Shivalik hills, Himalaya. The fossils of Kenyapithecous were discovered by Leakey from Kenya (Africa). Ramapithecous were older than Kenyapithecous. Ramapithecous was more similar to man. They both were herbivorous. Kenyapithecus

7. Australopithecus Australopithecus were also known as African ape man. They were the first ancestor who stood erect (completely erect posture). Their cranial capacity was 500 c.c. Austalopithecus hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.

8. Homo habilis They were also known as Handy man or Tool maker. They were the first Tool making ancestor. Their fossils were discovered by Leaky from Africa. Their cranial capacity was 700 c.c.

9. Homo erectus erectus They were also known as Java ape man. Their fossils were discovered by Dubois from Java ( asia ). Their cranial capacity was 900 c.c. It was the ancestor who first used FIRE.

10. Homo erectus pekinensis They were also known as pithecanthropus pekinensis. Their fossils were discovered from Java, China and Africa. Their cranial capacity was 1075 c.c. Most of the features were similar to Java ape man but it was smaller and lighter than Java ape man.

11. Homo erectus heidelbergensis They were also known as Heidelberg man. Their fossils were discovered in Germany. Their cranial capacity was 1300 c.c. It is considered as connecting link between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens

12. Homo sapiens neanderthalansis They were also known as Neanderthal man. Their fossils were discovered from Germany. Their cranial capacity was 1450 c.c. It was cave dweller and omnivorous. They believed in immortality of soul, ceremonial burial of dead bodies. They wear cloths of animal hide, started lived in small groups showing division of labour . They worshipped God. Speech centre developed in brain ( Brocas area).

13. Homo sapiens fossils They are also known as Cromagnon man. Their fossils were discovered from France. Their cranial capacity was 1300 c.c. They were omnivorous. They started building huts, made cave painting. They domesticated dog and sheep. They have orthognathous jaw.

14. Homo sapiens sapiens These are also known as Today's man or Modern living man. They use only hind limbs for locomotion. Their cranial capacity is 1600 c.c. Jaw is Orthognathus. Jaw arch is C – shaped. Pollex is opposable. There is no diastema.

15. REFERENCE Origin of life and Evolution – subject matter. Images – Internet.